Aɣrum

Aɣṛum iga yat tirmt tamatayt ittuskarn s uggurn d waman, d ila s umata tisnt. Ɣ umzruy, iga tirmt izwarn akk ɣ bahra n tmizar. Nttat ad igan tirmt akk iqburn ittuskarn s ufus n ufgan, d istuhmma bahra zɣ ussnti n uzmz n tfllaḥt. Iṭṭaf ula tiwuriwin tidlsanin yaḍn (tunnunt, timyurin... ).

Anawn n uɣṛum

Aɣṛum iẓḍar ad ixmr s imikrubn, niɣ s ikimitn, niɣ s uswḍu nna ittsuffun aɣṛum. Ɣ mnnawt n tmizar, aɣṛum n ugadaz ar gis ittili timrniwin nna as isnfaln aklu, tudrt, asyufu, d tɣawsiwin yaḍnin.

Ar ittwwu uɣṛum ɣ ufrnu aqbur niɣ afrnu igan win aɣṛum, niɣ tiɣarasin yaḍn (s umdya: iẓṛan rɣanin). Askkir n uɣṛum iga tawuri n buɣṛum. D buɣṛum ula nttan ar izznza aɣṛum.

Abrbr iga taɣarast akk iqburn n uskkir n utci. Buɣṛum iga t amskar n uɣṛum.

Ifrdisn

Yan wanaw n uɣṛum ɣ Tuns gis tmatart n taẓṛẓit d tmatart n tafust.

Ifrdisn ucciln n uɣṛum:

• Aggurn
• Tuxmirt
• Tisnt
• Aman

D ɣ kraygat wanaw illa mad ittrnun: Tiglay, Akʷfay, Askkaṛ, Tudit, Azatim.

Asmuttg

Tanfalit

Iṭṭaf uɣṛum isqquln ɣ dar id buɣṛum izzulann: Agḍam n waman ɣ uɣṛum nttan ad asqqul akk istuhmman ɣ uskkir n uɣṛum, acku iṭṭaf laṭṛ f talɣa n uɣṛum. Irdn iqqurn ar issumum 62% n waman, macc irdn isdidn ɣas 56%. Tuggt n id buɣṛum ar ttggan ngr 60% d 75% n waman. 500 gram n uggurn ar yakka snat tkumirin.

Tiklitin n usmuttg n uɣṛum.

Aggurn

Aggurn iga t irdn iẓḍan. Aggurn ar yakka talɣa izwarn n uɣṛum. Ar as yakka ula aprutin lli rad gis yili. Tumayt n uprutin ɣ uggurn nttat ad immaln bahra tayufa n lɛjint n uɣṛum d ula aɣṛum iwwan. Waxxa nẓḍar ad nskr aɣṛum s kraygat wanaw n uɣṛum, yuf ad tili tumayt n uprutin ngr 12% d 14%.

Aggurn ar ittuxlaḍ d tuxmirt d tisnt. Tisnt (akluṛid n uṣudyum) ar ttrnu tamimt n uɣṛum d ar tssidrus tawuri n tuxmirt. Ar tswuri ula f talɣa tamatayt n uɣṛum s ussidus n uglutin. Kra n id buɣṛum ar ffaln tisnt, niɣ ar as ttggan dffir 20 n tusdidt bac ad isunfu, ɣayad ar ittaws i tawṭulizt (autolyse) n lɛjint.

Aswḍu

Aɣṛum iswḍan iga t iɣ ixmr s usinuksid n ukaṛbun. Zɣ tuẓẓumt n tasut tiss 19, ittwassn wanaw ad n uɣṛum s tɣarast n uswḍu ɣ Tgldit Imunn. Tamssurt n Uɣṛum Iswḍn (Aerated Bread Company) ad tt yadlli iskarn, tzznz gis bahra. Tbda tmssurt ad ɣ usggʷas n 1862, tbdd ɣ usggʷas n 1955.

Tawuri n uglutin ɣ uskkir n uɣṛum

Aglutin d ugliyadin gan iprutinn ittyafan ɣ uɣṛum. Aglutin nttan ad iskarn aẓṭṭa n uɣṛum s tɣarast n tilggʷitin usulfid. Aglutin illa bahra ɣ irdn. Ɣayad ad yujjan middn ad bahra ssmrasn irdn f tumẓin.

Amzruy

Azmz aqbur

Ɣ Miṣṛa

Ar nttini is ibayn uɣṛum ɣ dar imiṣṛiyn. Nttni ad yufan is iɣ tsmrkst irdn ẓḍanin s wanan n Unil ar ttuff lɛjint. Ɣ usggʷas n 300 dat n lmasiḥ, ibda uskkir n tuxmirt ɣ dar id buɣṛum insbaɣurn n Miṣṛa.

Ɣ Ṛuma

Aɣṛum ɣ Pompay.

Ula ɣ dar iṛumiyn, aɣṛum iga tirmt n kraygat ass, ntta d tgulla. Ɣ uzmz n Ṭrajan, ibda usslmd n uskkir n uɣṛum. Ɣayad yujja id buɣṛum ad igutn ɣ uzmz nns. Ibdr Plin Aqbur, is ɣ uzmz n Ugust, illa uggar n 329 n id buɣṛum ɣ Ruma.

Aɣṛum ittyafan ɣ Pompay ttubḍant s tɣarast n igrikiyn f igzman.

Anawn n uɣṛum

Iẓḍaṛ ad inaḥya uɣṛum s wanaw n uggurn lli s ittuskar niɣ adɣar lliɣ iwwa. S umdya:

• Aɣṛum n tumẓin ittuskar s tumẓin.
• Aɣṛum n ufrnu inwa ɣ ufrnu.

Anawn yaḍnin

Yan wanaw infln n uɣṛum ism nns abazin

Briyuc

• Abazin: Iga yan wanaw n uɣṛum n ɣ libya. Ar ittuskar s tumẓin d waman d tisnt.

• Brioche: Yan wanaw n uɣṛum afṛanṣiṣ. Ar gis ttggan tiglay d tudit bac ad izggʷaɣ bahra ɣ bṛṛa nns

Amawal

• levure : amtun
• blé : irdn
• afrdis : ingrédient
• arktu: mélange
• uccil: obligatoire

Isɣann ibṛṛaniyn

• (s tnglizt) Amzruy igzzuln n uɣṛum, History.com (asɣn)