Asays n jamɛ lfna

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iga usays n jamɛ lfna yan usarag amagdud n urarn d taḍṣa d tffugliwin n imzdaɣ awd imallayn g tɣrmt n mṛṛakc g lmṛṛuk, ig usays ad ul n tɣrmt n mṛṛakc, ikk tt iin ig sul adɣar izdin ngr tɣrmt d lqṣbt n lmxzn d umllaḥ, ig amsnzl n imzwag d imallayn zɣ kra iga tt adɣar g lmṛṛuk awd zɣ bṛṛa nns, ḥma ad ẓṛn asfsr n urarn n iɛisawiyn d ad sɣdn i tullisin zɣ imawn n wid tallsnin i taddminin, ssfldn i uẓawan n idbab n umarg ẓṛn iḥwacn d kigan n udmawn n tẓuṛi d tussna ggutn illan g tmurt n lmṛṛuk, lliɣ isman usays ad udmawn ad n tẓuṛi d tussna iggutn tẓli tt lyunisku tg tt d wayda d tingmi n tfganit, tull alɣu nns f mayan asggʷas n 2001.[1]

tawlaft n usays n jamɛ lfna

amzruy n usays:

izdi umzruy n usays n jamɛ lfna d tasut lliɣ ttbna tmdint n mṛṛakc g lmṛṛuk asggʷas n (1071-1070), ittbna usays n ‘jamɛ lfna’ g tasut n tnbaḍt tamṛabṭit tasut tis smmus t tahijrit tg yat tuwẓut n tsbbabt macc addur nns iɣli s kigan lliɣ ttbna tmzgida n lkutubiya lliɣ yumẓ umzruy ann tasut akkʷ. skrn igldan yaḍn lli d yuckan tizi ann ḍaṛat nnsn ɣ usays ad asbdad n isardasn nnsn, d ar zɣ gis thyyan ikabaṛn n isardasn  nnsn iɣ rad ddun s kra n imnɣi, imnɣan lli skarn ḥma ad smann tiɣrmawin yaḍn d tmizar lli asn yaẓn bac ad tnt gn ddaw n tnbaḍt nnsn, zɣ tizi yan iga usays ad tamatart icnan n tɣrmt, tla sis tmurt akkʷ addur, tɣudu dar maṛṛa inmmudda lli gis izrin.

aẓuṛ n wassaɣ:

illa ma izdin assaɣ ad n jamɛ lfna d ixʷrban  n usays n iɣrm n uẓṛu amṛabṭi lli as imlaln, asays n iɣrm lli n ufan ddaw ixʷrban n tmzgida n lkutubiya.

tawalt n ‘lfna’ lli mi d ikka unamk nns is irwas zɣ tawalt illan g tutlayt taɛṛabt (الدمار-  الخراب ), mayad illa inigi nns g tugga lli fkan idbab n umzruy lliɣ nn ufan  yat tmzgida tamqrant ixxurban g tuẓẓumt n usays n jamɛ lfna, lli igan ḍaṛat n mayan asays bahra ittawssann g umaḍal.

ittawbdar ɣ udlis n ‘amzruy n ssudan’ igan win ɛbdṛṛḥman iwis n ɛbdllah asɛdi atambukti (1655-1596) lliɣ isawl f tmaḍunt n ṭṭaɛun lli yutn mṛṛakc g tasut n ugllid ḥmad lmnṣuṛ adhbi, iklli s inna : ‘iwiɣ d inɣmisn mas ibna ugllid mulay ḥmad timzgida, ibnut s yat talɣa igan fɣnit, iga as assaɣ n tmzgida n lhna, macc timukrisin ann ur t ujjant as tt gis yawi ad s tt ikmml allig immut, idwr wassaɣ nns akud ann s wassaɣ n ‘jamɛ lfna’ ‘asufɣ bardin, 1898, tanfult 205’. macc ur nssn awal ad is isawl f tmzgida lli illan ɣilad niɣ talli  ixxurban.[2]

asays:

tawlaft n usays n ‘jamɛ lfna’ g iḍ g tmdint n mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.

iga  usays ad ul n tmdint n mṛṛakc, iga usays ad asays n inmuqqarn d urarn, ilin gis wid ittallsn i tullisin n zik, d ihyyaḍn, d imarirn ttḥucnin d wid ismurign, d willi itturarn s imudar d wid ittnqacn s lḥnna.

tifalkayin n wayda amiwan d tingmi war tanga n tfganit:

g usggʷas n 1997, gan inn tiggʷas kigan n idbab n tussna imṛṛukiyn d lyunisku ɣ yan udwal g mṛṛakc sawl gis ḥma ad srsn iwutta n urmmus n ‘wayda amiwan d tingmi war tanga n tfganit’. g udwal ann bḍan ngr  twwuriwin n tingmi lli d iqqan uḥṭṭu mln atig nns, g ddaw n uzwl n (tifalkayin n wayda amiwan d tingmi war tanga n tfganit). g usggʷas n 2001 iffɣ d ulɣu n lyunisku amzwaru ibdrn talgamt izwarn n tingmi lli smnidn t tmizar i lyunisku. s ɣilad kra iga tt sin isggʷasn ar tt ili tlgamt yaḍn. d iqqan d a tg tingmi lli smnidn t tmizar kra n tussna iddrn niɣ tad ir a inɣubu, ittawskar fllas uɣawas zɣ dar tnbaḍin ann f uḥṭṭu nnsn t d usɣudu nnsn t. ɣ usggʷas n 2003 umẓnt tmura igan timslay g lyunisku yat tmqqunt n uḥṭṭu d usɣudu n wayda d tingmi tamiwant war tanga n tfganit, tamqqunt ad lli illan ddaw n twuri zɣ wayyur n bril g 2006. ttawfkan inmmaln i tmggit n tmqqunt ad  zɣ dar tgrawt tamaḍlant tanbaḍt, ẓlin ngr snat tlgamin yat ɣ llan wayda ismydan d tayyaḍ g llan wayda f d iqqan uḥṭṭu d usɣudu f illa uɣawl. ig mayan taɣarast lli ikkan ngr unɣubu d tingmi.[3]

urarn itt ilin g usays n jamɛ lfna:

tawlaft n umurar s ibnkaln lli ittawssan s wassaɣ n ‘uɛisawi’ g usays n jam3 lfna.

tiwlafin:

• 
  tawlaft n yan usuk g llan ṛṛyḍat n ‘jamɛ lfna’ g iḍ g tmdint n mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.
• 
  tawlaft n tssumɛit n lkutubiya g iḍ tama n usays n jamɛ lfna g tɣrmt n mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.
• 
  tawlaft n tssumɛit n lkutubiya g uzal tama n usays n jamɛ lfna g tɣrmt n mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.
• 
  tawlaft n tssumɛit n lkutubiya g iḍ tama n usays n jamɛ lfna g tɣrmt n mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.
• 
  tawlaft n tssumɛit n lkutubiya g iḍ tama n usays n jamɛ lfna g tɣrmt n mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.
• 
  tawlaft n iggi n yan ṛṛyaḍ illan tama n usays n jamɛ lfna mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.
• 
  tawlaft n iggi n yan ṛṛyaḍ illan tama n usays n jamɛ lfna mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.
• 
  tawlaft n yan umurar n ibnalkiwn lli igan s wassaɣ aɛisawi g usays n mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.
• 
  tawlaft n lqhwa n argana g usays n jam3 lfna, mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.
• 
  tawlaft n usays n jam3 lfna zg uflla, mṛṛakc, lmṛṛuk.

iɣbula:

1. مجال جامع الفناء الثقافيّ نسخة محفوظة 28 فبراير 2014 على موقع واي باك مشين.
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20200729025105/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13226117
3. https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7
4. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/cultural-space-of-jemaa-el-fna-square-00014?RL=00014

Isaɣuln

• Msmun awal n SGSM : Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MMSM)