Tutlayt

Tutlayt (amagut: tutlayin) nɣ d ils (amagut: alsiwn nɣ d ilsawn), tga tamunt n iwaliwn lli s ar ttnyalkamn middn gratsn, ar sis immal yan i yan mad ira ad t yini. Kraygat yan dars tutlayt nns taymmat, nɣ d ils nns amzwaru; awal lli mi issflid zɣ alliɣ d bḥḥṛa ilul, awal lli sis tsawal mas d babas d aytmas.

Tutlayin s tiwja nnsnt ɣ umaḍlan:

Tifrusyawiyin      Nigéro-congolaises      Nilo-sahariennes      Khoïsan      Indo-européennes

Caucasiennes      Altaïques      Ouraliennes      Dravidiennes      Sino-tibétaines

Austroasiatiques      Austronésiennes      Pama-nyungan      Papoues      Tai-Kadai

Amérindiennes      Na-dené      Eskimo-aléoutes      Isolat

Iwaliwn ad n tutlayt ar nttiri ad sisn nssisfiw i wiyyaḍ mad nra d mad ur nri, niri gisn ad asn ssfldn, skrn sisn niɣ tn uznn i wayyaḍ. Kraygat tarabbut n midn ar darsn tettili yat tutlayt lli kullu ttrmasn ar sis ttaran d ar sis ttmsawaln gratsn.

Tutlayin ddrnin d tid mmutnin

Tutlayt iddrn tga tt tutlayt lli s ttnyalkamn middn mi tga tutlayt nnsn taymmat, swa s tmiwant (=awal ka) nɣ s tirra, Iẓḍiṛn ula winna mi ur tgi tutlayt taymmat ad tt lmdn.

Tutlayt immutn tga tt tutlayt nna sul ur ssmrasn middn gratsn s tmiwant ula s tirra, d ur sul tgi tutlayt taymmatt dar awd yan, macc ar tt sul ssmrasn ɣ kra n igran drusnin zun d asgd, Talatint d Tqubṭit s umdya. Aynna ittajjan kra n mddn ad snyifn ad as ttinin tutlayt tazaykut. Tussna n tutlayin tizaykutin, s twisi ɣ uzraw n iḍrisn iqburn, tla tawuri slawann akkʷ ɣ tsnilst tamzrayt mknna tt tla ula ɣ umzruy d iẓlan nns dids izdin. Talatint d sTgrikt tazaykut gant tutlayin mmutnin macc lant atig mqqurn ɣ tdlsa tutrimt.

Iẓḍaṛ ad tili tlslalit (ad daɣ turri s tudrt) i tutlayin mmutnin, zun d mk lli ijṛan i Tɛibrit lli tt inn yadlli ikkan tmmut, ur ar tt ssmrasn wudayn ɣ tudrt nnsn takuyast, amr ɣ usgd.

azal n tutlayt

Tutlayt ad aɣ igan d ufgan, nttat a s ar ttnyilkimn middn. iɣ nlmd yat tutlayt, ar nttamẓ yan ungraw uddis n tguriwin, tuṣkiwt, d tjṛṛumt, aynna aɣ ittajjan ad nttnyilkim d wiyyaḍ s yat tɣarast itturmasn. Tugtt n middn ar asn d tettacka tutlayt s yat tɣarast tagamant. ar nttlmad man imk s nttnyilkim dat ad niẓḍiṛ ad nsawal, kra s ar nttimɣur ar nttafa tiɣarasin s ntturar s tutlayt fad ad nṣku m'ad nra ad t nini s tguriwin d twinas tuddisin. ur ibidd unyalkam ɣar f tutlayt, macc ammaẓ n kra n tutlayt ar ittaws kigan ɣ tmhlt n unyalkam. aya iga yan zɣ isragn ggutnin nna ittajjan tutlayt ad dars yili wazal axatar.

Azal n tutlayt ɣ tdlsa d wamun

Ar aɣ tettaws tutlayt ad nsnfali tiwngimin d isyafatn nnɣ, aya iẓli ɣar s ufgan acku tga yat tmamkt n usnfali n twngimin d tmyurin ɣ ugns n tdlsiwin d wamunn mzaraynin. s ulmmud n kra n tutlayt tabṛṛaniyt, nẓḍaṛ ad nrms tiwngimin nna s iẓḍaṛ ad tnt naḥya f tin tdlsa d wamun nnɣ. nẓḍaṛ ad nlmd timyurin d man imk s ttmyaggan mddn ɣ kra n wamun. da tettaws tutlayt ɣ uḥṭṭu n tdlsiwin, ar aɣ tettajja awd ad nssn uggar f wiyyaḍ, ndru disn tiwngimin nnɣ.

azal n tutlayt ɣ tsbbabt

Ur illi m'ad d igadda wazal n tutlayt ɣ yigr n tsbbabt. Iɣ ur nssmris tutlayt ɣ yigr ad, ur nenni ad nbḍu tiwngimin nssimɣur tnt uggar. Ig iyt almmud n kra n tutlayt tabṛṛaniyt nna s nẓḍaṛ ad nbḍu tiwngimin nnɣ d middn n tmizar yaḍnin, nɣ d ad ka nlmd manik nssmras tutlayt nnɣ bac ad nssimɣur tigmiḍi n udggi nnɣ ɣ kra n tmlilit n twuri, nɣ d ad nmsawaḍ d wiyyaḍ ɣ wammakn n unyalkam anamun.

Azal n tutlayt i tnflit tanimant

Middn akkʷ ar ttlmadn ad sawaln ɣ tfrkiwin mzaraynin, tẓḍaṛ trarit n taynit s kra n ubijju manakʷ rad issnti assmrs n tutlayt ad tg tamatart f mank s ittbuɣlu. macc aya ur da ittusnis ɣar f ibijjutn, ar ittusnis ula f tazzanin ttlmadnin kra n tutlayt tiss snat ɣ tinlml bla n talli sawaln ɣ tgʷmma nnsn, imtrag ttlmadnin kra n tutlayt tiss snat, nɣ d winna mu tjla tutlayt s kra n tmntilt mknna tra tg tt, irin ad tt id ssurrin.

Azal n tutlayt i unyalkam udmawan

Mqqar kigan n unyalkam anfgan ur illi s wawal -nẓḍaṛ ad nsslkm tiktiwin d isyafatn nnɣ ɣar s imussutn d tfras nnɣ-, macc tutlayt tla azal mqqurn ɣ unyalkam udmawan. ig iyt anyalkam d imddukkal, asmun, tasmunt, nɣ tawja, iqqan d ad tili yat tutlayt nna aɣ ismunn bac ad yili yan umyagga idusn.

Tisɣan tisilanin n tutlayt

Tasɣnt tadslant n tutlayt iga tt ussmrs n tutlayt, ar aɣ takka taẓiḍṛt n usnfl n tktiwin d isyafatn d wiyyaḍ. Macc nẓḍaṛ ad nssn tutlayt uggar iɣ nn nugga s tsɣan nns tidslanin yaḍnin.

1. Tasɣnt tanɣmast: Tasɣnt tanɣmast n tutlayt iga tt iɣ nssmrs tutlayt bac ad nsslkm kra n tnɣmist. Ɣ usala, tga tsɣnt nns asnɣms n wiyyaḍ acku tẓḍaṛ ad tasy tidt mklli tga.
2. Tasɣnt tamssinit: Yat tsɣnt tasilant yaḍn n tutlayt tga tt tsɣnt tamssinit, ad yini umdan i wayyaḍ m'ad illan ɣ iɣf nns, isyafatn nns, tufrayin nns...
3. Tasɣnt taswalant: Tga tsɣnt taswalant n tutlayt yat tsɣnt tasilant nna aɣ ittawsn ɣ uswala. S umdya, ar aɣ takka taẓiḍṛt ad nini i kra n yan ma rad iskr ɣ kra n tmntilt nɣ asurs ittufkan.

Tisaɣulin

Tutlayt       Taɣrma