Unṭwan lafwazyi

Unṭwan Lurnt Dlafwazyi (S tfransist: Antoine Laurent de lavoisier) iga yan umassan n tkimit afransis d umsnflul n twssna ad s talɣa nns tatrart, ittyawssan lliɣ yifs (ibrrḥ s) aslgn n usɣama n tmtta ɣ usggʷas 1778, issiws ɣ usmaynu n ismawn n ifrdisn ikimawiyn.

Lafwazyi 1877

Tudrt nns

Ilul ɣ usggʷas n 1743, ig yus n kra n unzzarfu iggrgsn, Lafwasyi ingiri zikk d innas, ukan tsmkil t jddas ntta d ultmas mẓẓiyn, lliɣ daɣ tmmut, tumẓ t tattas da iɣaman tanaburt faɣ ad tt gisn tettawi, iɣra zwar taskala, yamẓ yat tsmɣurt ɣ wawal Afransis, izri daɣ s tɣiwant n uzrf, yumẓ gis llisuns ɣ 1764, ittyawmnad bahra ɣ usarm n tkimit n Giyyum Ɣuwil, iḍfṛ s taynit uɣriwn n tusnakt d tasnitrit, anzzarfu ad igan agẓaw rad ifl yat taɣamt imqqurn ɣ tizi nns i twssna.

Ɣ usggʷas 1768, ikcm d tammuzgi tamakayt (Ferme générale) n Budun, ɣ usggʷas 1771 itahl yat tfruxt ɣ ukulij nns J.Bulz, ig nit ntta ixf n tammuzgi, idra dɣ ntta aṣṣab n tgrawla Tafransist, ig amawaḍ n imcawriyn n ugllid, ɣ usggʷas 1790 rad sul ig yan ugmam ɣ tsqqimt n ussrsl n ungraw amaynu n ustal d usɣal.

Tamttant nns

Lliɣ tmurs tgrawla, kullu ɣwilli swurinin ɣ tammuzgi tamakayt rad ttyamaẓn, ig Lafwazyi yan ɣ inkrafn nna, rad disn ilmma ittyazan s tasḍkudt tagrawlant, kud lli ira uḍbib N.Halli (1754-1822) ad dis ibidd, ibdr kullu tinyafin da d yiwi Lafwazyi i igr n twssna, irur as d umḍkud (lqaḍi): «Tagduda nnɣ ur tussir imassann, iqqan d ad ttyawḍfaṛ tnzzarfut.»

Ɣ wass n 8 May 1794, rad ittyawnkaḍ s lmut, ittgyyutina (ittyabbay ugayyu nns) ɣ yan wass nit. Askka nns, inna Lagranj i Dilambr:

« Ur tn ixṣṣa amr yat tzizit ad grn agayyu ad, imil irwas is ur tudi yat tmiḍi n isggʷasn ad daɣ infalal kra t irwasn.»

Amssrsl n tkimit tatrart

Asfsi n waḍu

Iga sɣ iskkirn nns zwarnin ad issisfiw amikanizm n usksd n imɣuzn ddu waḍu, yurm daɣ ad iskalsi (irnu akalsyum) algaz n Iṭan ɣ yat tsɣmut yamun aḍu, iɣḍf s irim ad i tzggut n umarku amakay (masse globale), rad daɣ yals i yirim ad, imil tikilit ad s zzawaq, d mayann ɣ usggʷas n 1777, yujja t ilmma ad isfsi aḍu, issan luksijin d waẓuṭ, iskr s ixf nns allas i waḍu s uwggay n ifrdisn ad gratsn.