Ifrdisn n Uklid

Amnni ad icqqa ad t tfhmt ! Amnni ad gis kra n iwalwn nna ur iẓḍaṛ yan ad tn ifhm iɣ ur issin ɣ umawal iẓlin n tutlayt taclḥiyt tatrart. Mad igan afssay ? Fad ad tfhmt mad gis illan tzḍart ad tawst i yixf nnk s umawal lli illan ɣ izddar akkʷ n tasna. Iɣ t ur tufit, tzḍart ad nn taggʷt ɣ imawaln d isgzawaln.

Ifrdisn (s tgrikit tazaykut: Στοιχεία / ṣṭuyxiya) gan yan uzraw amusnak d unzggan, yumyn 13 n udlis ittusnmalan f isntal, ahat (ɛniɣ is d) amusnak agriki uklidis ad tn yaran ɣ wattayn n 300 dat n ɛ. yumy yat tgrumma n isnmal, igjda, iskkudn d isɣẓann nnsn, ig usntl nnsn tanzggit tuklidt d tẓṛi n imḍann imnza.

Ifrdisn n Uklid
Aẓuṛ
Amskar	Euclide
Asggʷas n usnflul	lqern wis 3 BCE
Azwl aẓaran	Στοιχεῖα
Tifrisin
Tawsit	traité
Tutlayt	grec ancien
Taluft tagjdant	géométrie euclidienne d tusnakt

Ifrdisn ad igan amdya ittwassn akkʷ iqbrn n yan uzraw agjdan d ungraw i tnzggit ig yiḍiṣ nns f ubuɣlu n tmẓla d tussna tutrimt adslan. Nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas iga ammud issn amurs akkʷ ixatrn ɣ umzruy : gan ifrdisn yan zɣ idlisn izwarn s uẓṛag (Venise, 1482) ur t yugir ɣar linjil ɣ wuṭṭun n tẓṛigin ittufsarn (uggar n 1000). Tasutin ayad, iga zɣ tɣarasin tisdawanin ganin tinawayin.

Tettuga i udlis amzwaru n ifrdisn n uklid tsuɣlt s tutlayt tamaziɣt tanawayt s yigi n uslmad n tusnakt Muḥmmad Blɣazali (Mohamed Belarhzali).

Imnzay

Tska tbridt n uklid tiwuriwin nns f isnmal, "tuttriwin" (tindagin), "iwngimn umyirn" (igjda) d isumar (imukrisn ttufsaynin, ganin 470 ɣ uɣrud ɣ idlisn s 13). s umdya, yumy udlis 1 35 n isnmal (tiqiffit, azririg, tajumma, atg.) smmus n iwngimn issarn.

Tindagin n udlis 1 :

1. Yan ugzzum zɣ umaɣud iẓḍaṛ ad ittusunɣ s uzday n snat tqiffa aynna s rant gnt tt.
2. Yan ugzzum zɣ umaɣud iẓḍaṛ ad ittusɣzif s war timdi ɣ yan uzririg iɣdn.
3. Iɣ ittufka yan ugzzum n yan umaɣud aynna s ira ig t, ad niɣiy ad nssunɣ yat tẓayṛt ng as agzzum ad d aẓnẓaṛ (aqqar) ng as yat zɣ tlisa d ammas.
4. Aksulnt akkʷ tɣmrin timaɣudin.
5. Iɣ ibby yan umaɣud sin imaɣudn yaḍn skrn snat tɣmrin tignsanin illan f yat tsga mẓẓiynt f snat tɣmrin timaɣudin, hat qad myabayn imaɣudn ad ɣ tsga ad.

Iwngimn issarn n udlis 1 :

1. Da ttmmgdunt snat tɣawsiwin gdanin akkʷ yat tɣawsa yaḍn.
2. Iɣ nrna sin id wanck mmgdanin i sin id wanck mmgdanin awd nitni, rad aɣ nn fkn sin id wanck immgdan ɣ tmrniwt.
3. Iɣ nkks sin id wanck mmgdanin i sin id wanck mmgdanin awd nitni, rad aɣ nn fkn sin id wanck immgdan ɣ umzaray.
4. Id wanck imsasan grasn, da ttmgdan.

Isaɣuln

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