Tafriqt
Tga Tafriqt yan umnẓaw yumẓn 6% n tasna n wakal yamẓ 20% ɣ tasna n wakal yumann (tanna f ur ikki yill). Tajumma nns tlkm ar 30 415 873 km² nttat d tgzirin nns, aynna tt yujjan ad tg tis kraḍt ɣ umaḍal (iɣ nga Tamrikt d yan umnẓaw). S 1,225,080,510 n imzdaɣ[1], tga tfriqt tis snat ɣ wuṭṭun n imzdaɣ ḍaṛt Asya, tili gis 16,4% n imzdaɣ n umaḍal ɣ usggas n 2016. Amnẓaw ad igly t id Yill Agrakal ɣ iẓẓlmḍ, Abadu n Sawis d Yill Azggʷaɣ ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan, Agaraw Ahindi ɣ iffus agmuḍan d Ugaraw Anaṭlas ɣ tagut.
| Tafriqt | |
.svg) | |
| Tajumma | 30 415 873 km2 |
| Imzdaɣ | 1 348 000 000 hab. (2020) |
| Tanẓẓi | 44 hab./km2 |
| Timizar | 54 |
| Tutlayin | Gr 1250 ar 3000 n tutlayin |
| Iẓdi n usgar | UTC−1 (Cap-Vert) UTC+4 (Maurice) |
| Tiɣrmin mqqurnin | Cairo . Lagos . Kinshasa . Johannesburg . Luanda . Khartoum . Dar es Salaam . Abidjan . Alexandria . Nairobi . Cape Town . Kano . Dakar . Tigmmi Tumlilt . Addis Ababa |
Aẓur n wawal
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Ggutnt turdiwin f usala n yism n Tfriqt. Illa mad ifkan ism Afri i yimzdaɣ n iẓẓlmḍ n tfriqt ɣ tagut n wasif n Nnil, d ɣ unamk nns amatu ittufka i yikaliwn akkʷ illan ɣ iffus n Yill Agrakal (libya tazaykut)[2][3]. Ikka yism afri izdi d tguri tafiniqt Afar nna issumkn "agḍrur"[4] mac ɣ usggas 1981 umanent d kra n turdiwin[5] nna ittinin mas d ism Afri ikka d taguri tamaziɣt Ifri (amagut nns : ifran) s wassaɣ nns d imzdaɣ n yifran.[6] Taguri ad nit ar tt nttafa ɣ yism n yat twsit Banu Yafran ɣ Dzayr d Libya, yat twsit zzɣ yfran (tettwassn ula s ifran) ɣ iẓẓlmḍ utrim n Libya.[7]
Ddu unbaḍ n irumiyn, tga Qarṭaj tamaẓunt n tsga n tfriqt tarumiyt nna yumẓn ula ifttasn n Libya tatrart, ḍaṛt tirẓi n iqarṭajn ɣ umgaru abunik wiss kraḍ ɣ 146 dat n tlalit.[8] Amma -ka (-ca) nɣ -ika (-ica), iga aḍfir awlatin (Latin suffix) s unamk n wakal nɣ tamazirt.
Turdiwin yaḍn f usala n yism n tfriqt
- Ɣ tasut tamzwarut, isslkn umsnmzruy uday flafyus Juzifus (Ant. 1.15) mas d idda yism zzɣ ifir (Epher), yan zzv wayawn n ibrahim, nna mu zugn wayawn nns s tfriqt.
- Ɣ tasut tiss sat, isumr izidur n icbilya ɣ udlis nns iẓuran (Etymologiae XIV.5.2) mas d idda yism n tfriqt zzɣ tguri tawlatint (abrika / Aprica), anamk nns iffuk (tlla gis tafukt).
- Inna Micil Fruyt 1976[9] mas d ism awlatin iqqn s tguri Africus (afrikus) "Aḍu n iffus", nna igan ɣ usala tambryant (Umbrian), ig unamk nns amzwaru Aḍu bu unẓar (rainy wind).
Tarakalt
ssnflTga tfriqt talli akkʷ mqqurn gr kraḍ ibudidn inẓulann mqqurnin ɣ taɣart n wakal. Ibḍa tt Yill Agrakal f Uruppa, tzdy d Asya ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan s Ubadu n Suwis nna mi tlla ɣ tirut nns 163 kilumitr.[10] (ɣ trakalt, ar tettusmil tmgzirt sina tawmiṣrt nna illan ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n Suwis d agzzum zzɣ tfriqt)[11] ttyn i tfriqt iftasn s tɣzi n 26.000 kilumitr.
Zzɣ ttmi n iwtta n tfriqt ɣ iẓẓlmḍ, Ras Bn Saqqa ɣ Tuns (37°21' agafa) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ iffus, Kib Agulhas ɣ tfriqt n unẓul (34°51'15 anẓul), illa uzaru n 8,000 kilumitr (5,000 mil);[12] d zzɣ ttmi n iwtta ɣ utaram, Ixf Azgzaw (34°51'15" ataram) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ ugmuḍ, Ras Hafun ɣ Ṣumal (51°27'52" agmuḍ), illa uzaru n 7,400 kilumitr (4,600 mil).[13]
Tga Dzayr tamazirt akkʷ mqqurn ɣ tfriqt, tlkm tjumma nns 2,381,741 kilumitr amkkuẓ, tḍfr tt inn Sudan s 1,865,813 kilumitr amkkuẓ, ama tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn tga tt Sicl nna igan yan warkabil ɣ uftas agmuḍan n tfriqt.[14] Tga Gambya tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn ɣ ugns n wakal adslan n tfriqt.
Tadmsa
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Mqqar ggutn isugam igamann ɣ tfriqt, tsul tga tad bahra iẓlḍn d tmggarut ɣ tnflit tawfgan gr imnẓawn n umaḍal.[15] Zzɣ isragn n ɣayad llant tmuḍan inqqan d ifirusn (lumr ifirusn n Malarya d Sida), tinbaḍin igufsan nna iskarn ibkkiḍn imizitn mgal izrfan n ufgan, alay n iswirn n tqbbanit, imnɣan gr twsitin. Tuwy d tanaḍt n tnflit tawfgant nna d tssufɣ tmaddast n tmttiwin imunn ɣ usggas 2003 mas d simraw d smmust n tmizar llanin gr tskʷfal 151 d 175 gant akkʷ tiwrikin.[16]
Tutlayin
ssnflMnnaw isutag ssknen mas llant uggar n yifḍ n tutlayin ttusawalnin ɣ tfriqt (Yunisku tssutg attay n sin ifḍn).[17] Tugtt nnsnt gant tiwfrikin s usala, illint tinna mu iga usala nnsnt zzɣ Uruppa nɣ Asya. Tga tfriqt amnẓaw agtnutlay mqqurn ɣ umaḍal, d ayt tfriqt ur da sawaln ɣar mnnawt tutlayin tiwfrikin, mac ar sawaln ula yat nɣ mnnawt tutlayin zzɣ uruppa. Llant kkuẓt tawjiwin n tutlayanin mqqurnin ɣ tfriqt :
- Tawja tutlayant (Afroasiatic) llant gis wattay n 240 n tutlayin d 285 mlyun n imssiwln ɣ Yisk awfrik, agafa n tfriqt, Saḥil, d iffus utrim n Asya.
- Tawja tutlayant (Nilo-Saharan) tumy uggar n tmiḍi n tutlayin, da tnt sawaln 30 mlyun n umdan ɣ Tcad, Itubya, Kinya, Nijirya, Sudan, Sudan n Unẓul, Uganda, d ugafa n Ṭanẓanya.
- Tawja tutlayant (Niger-Congo) tsmun tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tfriqt ddu tnzruft (Sub-Saharan Africa). Ɣ ma ad iẓlin s wuṭṭun n tutlayin, tga tawja ad talli akkʷ imqqurn ɣ tfriqt, nɣ d akkʷ ɣ umaḍal.
- Tawja tutlayant (Khoisan) gis attay n smmumrawt n tutlayin, da tnt sawal 400.000 n umdan ɣ iffus n tfriqt.[18] Tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tawja ad llant ɣ Imizi n wfuḍ.
Ḍaṛt tigira n usdurri, ssnṣbnt akkʷ tmizar n tfriqt tutlayin tibṛṛaniyin zun d tutlayin timaddudin, mqqar ɣikann llant mnnaw tmizar ssmɣrnt tutlayin tiwfrikin (zun d: Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa). Ɣ kigan n tmizar, tanglizt d tfṛansist ar ttusmrasnt i umsawaḍ ɣ yiga unbiz zun d tanbaḍt, tasɣnzit, asslmd d tɣmsa.
Asgd
ssnflFlsn ayt tfriqt s mnnaw isgdan,[19] macc imra ad ittuskr yan usiṭṭn i yinflas n kraygat asgd, acku ur da ttirint tnbaḍin n tmizar ɣ mmrksn isgdan.[20] Illa ɣ tgrumsna adlis n umaḍal mas d asgd anslm ad bahra yuḍrern ɣ tfriqt, iḍfr t usgd amasiḥ. Yili ɣ tgrumsna tabriṭanit mas d 45% n imzdaɣ n tfriqt gan imuslmn, 40% gin imasiḥin d ddu 15% gan id war asgd nɣ d imḍfar n isgdan iwfrikn. Yili yan wuṭṭun idrusn n ayt tfriqt gan ihindusn, ibahayn, d wudayn.
Timizar n Tafriqt
ssnflTimizar n Tafriqt n ugafa
ssnfl| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Dzayr
|
2 381 741 | 39 542 166 | 16,6 | Dzayr |
 Miṣra
|
1 001 450 | 88 487 396 | 88,3 | Taqahirt |
 Libya
|
1 759 540 | 6 411 776 | 3,6 | Ṭarablus |
 Lmɣrib
|
710,850 | 36,471,769 | 50 | Rrbaṭ |
 Tuns
|
163 610 | 11 037 225 | 67,4 | Tuns |
| - Idɣarn ittuyḥasabn f Uruppa ɣ Tafriqt n ugafa : | ||||
 Tigzirin tiknariyin ( Ṣbanya )
|
7,492 | 2,154,905 | 226 | Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
 Madyira ( Brtqqiz )
|
797 | 245,000 | 307 | Funchal |
 Sbta ( Ṣbanya )
|
20 | 85,107 | 3,575 | — |
 Mlilya ( Ṣbanya )
|
12 | 85,116 | 5,534 | — |
Timizar n Tafriqt tangmuḍt
ssnfl| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Burundi
|
27,830 | 6,373,002 | 229.0 | Bujumbura |
 Igumamn n Iqumurn
|
2,170 | 614,382 | 283.1 | Muruni |
 Djibuti
|
23,000 | 472,810 | 20.6 | Djibuti (tamdint) |
 Iritiriya
|
121,320 | 4,465,651 | 36.8 | Asmara |
 Ityubya
|
1,127,127 | 67,673,031 | 60.0 | Adis Ababa |
 Kinya
|
582,650 | 31,138,735 | 53.4 | Nayrubi |
 Madagaskar
|
587,040 | 16,473,477 | 28.1 | Antananaribu |
 Malawi
|
118,480 | 10,701,824 | 90.3 | Lilungwi |
 Agumam n Muricyus
|
2,040 | 1,200,206 | 588.3 | Bur Luwi |
 Muzambik
|
801,590 | 19,607,519 | 24.5 | Mabutu |
 Rwanda
|
26,338 | 7,398,074 | 280.9 | Kigali |
 Sicil
|
455 | 80,098 | 176.0 | Fikturya |
 Sumalya
|
637,657 | 7,753,310 | 12.2 | Mugadicu |
 Tanzanya
|
945,087 | 37,187,939 | 39.3 | Duduma |
 Uganda
|
236,040 | 24,699,073 | 104.6 | Kambala |
 Sudan n iffus
|
619,745 | 8,260,490 | 13 | Juba |
 Sudan
|
1,861,484 | 30,894,000 | 17 | Xartum |
| - Idɣarn ittuyḥasabn f Uruppa ɣ Tafriqt tangmuḍt : | ||||
 Réunion (Fransa)
|
2,512 | 743,981 | 296.2 | San-Deni |
.svg){kind=small} Mayut (Fransa)
|
374 | 170,879 | 456.9 | Mamužu |
 Ikaliwn n iffus d Intarktiwn ( Fransa )
|
439,781 | 100 | — | Saint Pierre |
Timizar n Tafrikt n wammas
ssnfl| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Angula
|
1,246,700 | 10,593,171 | 8.5 | Luwanda |
 Kamirun
|
475,440 | 16,184,748 | 34.0 | Yawandi |
 Tagduda n Tafrikt Tanammast
|
622,984 | 3,642,739 | 5.8 | Bangi |
 Tcad
|
1,284,000 | 8,997,237 | 7.0 | N'Djamina |
 Tagduda n Kungu
|
342,000 | 2,958,448 | 8.7 | Brazavil |
 Tagduda Tamagdayt n Kungu
|
2,345,410 | 55,225,478 | 23.5 | Kinshasa |
 Ginya n tuẓẓumt
|
28,051 | 498,144 | 17.8 | Malabo |
 Gabun
|
267,667 | 1,233,353 | 4.6 | Libruvil |
 São Tomé d Brincibi
|
1,001 | 170,372 | 170.2 | São Tomé |
Timizar n Tafriqt n iffus
ssnfl| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Butswana
|
600,370 | 1,591,232 | 2.7 | Gaborone |
 Lesotho
|
30,355 | 2,207,954 | 72.7 | Maseru |
 Namibia
|
825,418 | 1,820,916 | 2.2 | Windhoek |
 Tafriqt n Unẓul
|
1,219,912 | 43,647,658 | 35.8 | Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Pretoria |
 Swaziland
|
17,363 | 1,123,605 | 64.7 | Mbaban |
 Zambya
|
752,614 | 11,862,740 | 16 | Lusaka |
 Zimbabwi
|
390,580 | 11,392,629 | 29 | Harare |
Timizar n Tafriqt n tagut
ssnfl| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Binin
|
112,620 | 6,787,625 | 60.3 | Purtu-Nuvu |
 Burkina Fasu
|
274,200 | 12,603,185 | 46.0 | Wagadugu |
 Isk n Vird
|
4,033 | 408,760 | 101.4 | Praya |
 Aftas n Ivoir
|
322,460 | 16,804,784 | 52.1 | Abidjan, Yamusukru |
 Gambya
|
11,300 | 1,455,842 | 128.8 | Banjul |
 Ɣana
|
239,460 | 20,244,154 | 84.5 | Akra |
 Ɣinya
|
245,857 | 7,775,065 | 31.6 | Kunakri |
 Ɣinya-Bisaw
|
36,120 | 1,345,479 | 37.3 | Bisaw |
 Libirya
|
111,370 | 3,288,198 | 29.5 | Munruvya |
 Mali
|
1,240,000 | 11,340,480 | 9.1 | Bamaku |
.svg){kind=small} Muritanya
|
1,030,700 | 2,828,858 | 2.7 | Nwakcut |
 Nigir
|
1,267,000 | 10,639,744 | 8.4 | Niyami |
 Nijirya
|
923,768 | 129,934,911 | 140.7 | Abuja |
 Sinigal
|
196,190 | 10,589,571 | 54.0 | Dakar |
 Siralyun
|
71,740 | 5,614,743 | 78.3 | Freetown |
.svg){kind=small} Tugu
|
56,785 | 5,285,501 | 93.1 | Lumi |
| - Idɣarn ittuyḥasabn f Uruppa ɣ Tafriqt n tagut : | ||||
 Sant Hilina ( Ingliz )
|
410 | 7,317 | 17.8 | Jamistun |
Ẓṛ uggar
ssnflIsaɣuln
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 |
Tẓḍart ad tẓṛt uggar f Tafriqt ɣ usnfar n Commons. |
- ↑ https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/
- ↑ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918). "Afri". In Georges, Heinrich. Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (8th ed.). Hannover. Retrieved 20 September 2015
- ↑ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles 1879. Afer A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
- ↑ Venter & Neuland, NEPAD and the African Renaissance (2005), p. 16
- ↑ Names of countries, Decret and Fantar, 1981.
- ↑ Geo. Babington Michell, "The Berbers", Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 2, No. 6 (January 1903), pp. 161–94.
- ↑ Edward Lipinski, Itineraria Phoenicia, Peeters Publishers, 2004, p. 200. ISBN 90-429-1344-4
- ↑ "Consultsos.com etymology"
- ↑ in Revue de Philologie 50, 1976: pp. 221–38.
- ↑ Draydil, Alisday & Blik Jirald. (1985) tafrikt n ugafa d ugmuḍ anammas, tamsiggzt n tsdawit uksfurd g iwunak imunn isbn ISBN 0-19-503538-0.
- ↑ Atlas - Xpeditions @ nationalgeographic.com National Geographic Society. 2003
- ↑ Win Ifanz. (1924) tafrikt, klarindun i tɣmsa
- ↑ Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition ISBN 0-87779-546-0.
- ↑ Huwr Bin. (2002) tagrumsna kingficr sg ya ar yaz tigmmi n uẓrag kingficr. tasna 11 ISBN 0-7534-5569-2.
- ↑ Ritcard Sandbruk, tisrtitin n tḍuri n tdmsa tawftikt, tamsiggzt n tsdawit kambridj. 1985 amalas
- ↑ hdr.undp.org Timttiwin Imunn, [timḥḍit] 16-03-2018
- ↑ " Tafriqt " Yunisku, 2005.
- ↑ "Khoisan Languages". The Language Gulper. 27 innayr 2017.
- ↑ "Asgd g tfriqt". 09-05-2008
- ↑ "Rising Muslim Power in Africa Causing Unrest in Nigeria and Elsewhere". Normitsu Onishi. The New York Times Company. 09-03-2009
Ɣaylli sis izdin
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