Jamɛ lfna

Jamɛ Lfna nɣ s wassaɣ ns iɣzzifn Asarag n Jamɛ Lfna nɣ Abaraz n Jamɛ Lfna (s Taɛrabt : ساحة جامع الفنا, s Tfransist : Place Jemaa el-Fna, s Tanglizt : Jemaa el-Fnaa ) iga yan udɣar bahra ittyawssan g tɣrmt n Mrrakc, ittyawssan Jamɛ lfna g ugnsu n Lmɣrib ula g brra ns. Iga ubaraz n Jamɛ lfna ul n tɣrmt n Mrrakc, ig ula anmuggar n tɣrmt taqqdimt d Lqqṣbt d Lmllaḥ, ig daɣ anmuggar n middn sg kullu timizar n umaḍal, ar sis d ttackan bac ad fjjijn kksn kra f ul nnsn, ar gis ẓṛṛan iɛisawin, ar gis ssflidn i tallasin tiqqbuṛin ^[1].


Abaraz n Jamɛ lfna (zgh) ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⴼⵏⴰ (zgh) ساحة جامع الفنا (ar) Place Jemaa el-Fna (fr) Jemaa el-Fnaa (en)
Tawlaft n Jamɛ lfna s azal

Tamazirt
Tamazirt :	Lmɣrib
Tasga :	Tasga n Mrrakc-Asfi
Tiɣrmt :	Tamdint n Mrrakc
ismmzdayn :	31° 37′ 33″ s ugafay, 7° 59′ 21″ s tagut

Takaṛḍa
Mrrakc

Timzarayyin
ittyawssan s :	Tamallayt
assmɣr :	M M M S M D

Aẓawan illa bdda g Jamɛ lfna zund ukan ntta zund tallast taqqbuṛt d timssḍṣitin timrrakciyyin, iga Jamɛ lfna yan uḍɣar ismunen tugt n wanawn n tẓuṛi d uẓawan amɣribi mayad a iwddjan MMMSMD ad tskr sg Jamɛ lfna yan uḍɣar amaḍlan anfgan ^[2].

iga usays n jamɛ lfna yan usarag amagdud n urarn d taḍṣa d tffugliwin n imzdaɣ awd imallayn g tɣrmt n mṛṛakc g lmṛṛuk, ig usays ad ul n tɣrmt n mṛṛakc, ikk tt iin ig sul adɣar izdin ngr tɣrmt d lqṣbt n lmxzn d umllaḥ, ig amsnzl n imzwag d imallayn zɣ kra iga tt adɣar g lmṛṛuk awd zɣ bṛṛa nns, ḥma ad ẓṛn asfsr n urarn n iɛisawiyn d ad sɣdn i tullisin zɣ imawn n wid tallsnin i taddminin, ssfldn i uẓawan n idbab n umarg ẓṛn iḥwacn d kigan n udmawn n tẓuṛi d tussna ggutn illan g tmurt n lmṛṛuk, lliɣ isman usays ad udmawn ad n tẓuṛi d tussna iggutn tẓli tt lyunisku tg tt d wayda d tingmi n tfganit, tull alɣu nns f mayan asggʷas n 2001^[3].

Amzruy n ubaraz

Abaraz n Jamɛ Lfna ila iẓuṛan imqquṛn g umzruy n Lmɣrib, acku abaraz ad ttrsn iwttasn ns sg ma ttrsn iwttas n tɣrmt n Mrrakc g uzmz n imṛabṭn g usggas n 1070-1071 Dat Tlalit. Ittyabna ubaraz n Jamɛ Lfna g tizwiri bac a ig agdz ad gis zznzan middn ar sgis ssaɣn, macc ḍaṛt lbni n timzgida n Lktbiyya s tusut, abaraz n Jamɛ Lfna issnti ar ittgga yan udɣar istawhmman, acku igllidn urrin ar gis skarn yan usfsr nɣ yan unmuggar n tɣrmt n Mrrakc, anmuggar n middn d tasrdist^[4]; akud nna ira ukllid a iffɣ s kra n imnɣi nɣ ig d yaɣɣul ar iskar anmuggar g ubaraz n Jamɛ Lfna ^[5].

izdi umzruy n usays n jamɛ lfna d tasut lliɣ ttbna tmdint n mṛṛakc g lmṛṛuk asggʷas n (1071-1070), ittbna usays n ‘jamɛ lfna’ g tasut n tnbaḍt tamṛabṭit tasut tis smmus t tahijrit tg yat tuwẓut n tsbbabt macc addur nns iɣli s kigan lliɣ ttbna tmzgida n lkutubiya lliɣ yumẓ umzruy ann tasut akkʷ. skrn igldan yaḍn lli d yuckan tizi ann ḍaṛat nnsn ɣ usays ad asbdad n isardasn nnsn, d ar zɣ gis thyyan ikabaṛn n isardasn nnsn iɣ rad ddun s kra n imnɣi, imnɣan lli skarn ḥma ad smann tiɣrmawin yaḍn d tmizar lli asn yaẓn bac ad tnt gn ddaw n tnbaḍt nnsn, zɣ tizi yan iga usays ad tamatart icnan n tɣrmt, tla sis tmurt akkʷ addur, tɣudu dar maṛṛa inmmudda lli gis izrin.

Tawlaft sg ignwan n ubaraz n Jamɛ lfna g usggas n 1930-1931; igudar unziɣn^[6] illan g wammas n tawlaft gan win timzgida tasɛdit ifkan i ubaraz ad assaɣ ns.

Abaraz :

iga ubaraz n Jamɛ Lfna Ul n tamdint n Mrrakc, acku ar sis d ttackan kigan n imallayn n umaḍal, d acku ttyawssan g umaḍal akkʷ. Ar sis d ttackan middn bac ad iẓaṛn tugt n wanawn n taẓuṛi da gis illan, zund ukan : Ayt umarg, inḍḍamn, tinqqacin, ihyyaḍn ...

Jamɛ lfna (Ul n Mrrakc) s Azal

Tasnaẓɣṛt :

illa ma izdin assaɣ ad n jamɛ lfna d ixʷrban n usays n iɣrm n uẓṛu amṛabṭi lli as imlaln, asays n iɣrm lli n ufan ddaw ixʷrban n tmzgida n lkutubiya.

tawalt n ‘lfna’ lli mi d ikka unamk nns is irwas zɣ tawalt illan g tutlayt taɛṛabt (الدمار- الخراب ), mayad illa inigi nns g tugga lli fkan idbab n umzruy lliɣ nn ufan yat tmzgida tamqrant ixxurban g tuẓẓumt n usays n jamɛ lfna, lli igan ḍaṛat n mayan asays bahra ittawssann g umaḍal.

ittawbdar ɣ udlis n ‘amzruy n ssudan’ igan win ɛbdṛṛḥman iwis n ɛbdllah asɛdi atambukti (1655-1596) lliɣ isawl f tmaḍunt n ṭṭaɛun lli yutn mṛṛakc g tasut n ugllid ḥmad lmnṣuṛ adhbi, iklli s inna : ‘iwiɣ d inɣmisn mas ibna ugllid mulay ḥmad timzgida, ibnut s yat talɣa igan fɣnit, iga as assaɣ n tmzgida n lhna, macc timukrisin ann ur t ujjant as tt gis yawi ad s tt ikmml allig immut, idwr wassaɣ nns akud ann s wassaɣ n ‘jamɛ lfna’ ‘asufɣ bardin, 1898, tanfult 205’. macc ur nssn awal ad is isawl f tmzgida lli illan ɣilad niɣ talli ixxurban^[7].

illan ma ittinin mas assaɣ ad n Jamɛ lfna iwsit ubaraz ad acku illa g iggi n ucbaṛ n uẓṛu (Qṣaṛ lḥjr) amṛabṭi, acbaṛ ad ufan iwtta ns g ddaw n tmzgida n tktbit (Lkutubiyya).

Taguri ad n Lfna dars ula anamk n uxlaw d tamttant sg (tasrɣint : الفناء), acku kigan n inagan ar ttinin mas Jamɛ lfna gis yat tmzgida ixlan g wammas g mayd izrin.

G udlis n Tarix Ssudan (s tmaziɣt : Amzruy n Ssudan), isawl umarra ns Ɛbdrrḥman bn Ɛbdllah ssaɛdi ttambukti (1596-1655 Ḍ.T) f Ṭṭaɛun da illan g Mrrakc g uzmz n ugllid Manṣuṛ ddahbi, inna gis:

وقد أدركت أن الأمير السلطان مولاي أحمد أنشأ بناء الجامع، ووضعه وضعا عجيبا، فسُمي بذلك جامع الهناء، ثم شُغل عنه بترادُف تلك المِحن، ولم يُكمِّله حتى تُوُفيَ، فسمي بذلك جامع الفَناء (Asaggz n 1898,Tasna tiss 205).

Tifalkayin n wayda amiwan d tingmi war tanga n tfganit:

g usggʷas n 1997, gan inn tiggʷas kigan n idbab n tussna imṛṛukiyn d lyunisku ɣ yan udwal g mṛṛakc sawl gis ḥma ad srsn iwutta n urmmus n ‘wayda amiwan d tingmi war tanga n tfganit’. g udwal ann bḍan ngr twwuriwin n tingmi lli d iqqan uḥṭṭu mln atig nns, g ddaw n uzwl n (tifalkayin n wayda amiwan d tingmi war tanga n tfganit). g usggʷas n 2001 iffɣ d ulɣu n lyunisku amzwaru ibdrn talgamt izwarn n tingmi lli smnidn t tmizar i lyunisku. s ɣilad kra iga tt sin isggʷasn ar tt ili tlgamt yaḍn. d iqqan d a tg tingmi lli smnidn t tmizar kra n tussna iddrn niɣ tad ir a inɣubu, ittawskar fllas uɣawas zɣ dar tnbaḍin ann f uḥṭṭu nnsn t d usɣudu nnsn t. ɣ usggʷas n 2003 umẓnt tmura igan timslay g lyunisku yat tmqqunt n uḥṭṭu d usɣudu n wayda d tingmi tamiwant war tanga n tfganit, tamqqunt ad lli illan ddaw n twuri zɣ wayyur n bril g 2006. ttawfkan inmmaln i tmggit n tmqqunt ad zɣ dar tgrawt tamaḍlant tanbaḍt, ẓlin ngr snat tlgamin yat ɣ llan wayda ismydan d tayyaḍ g llan wayda f d iqqan uḥṭṭu d usɣudu f illa uɣawl. ig mayan taɣarast lli ikkan ngr unɣubu d tingmi^[8].

Tiwlafin :

Abaraz n Jamɛ lfna sg yat tɣmrt
Jamɛ lfna gyyḍ
Jamɛ lfna sg jjnb
Lqqhwa n Argana g wass dag tbbaqqi (2011)
Tiftilin inzzan g Jamɛ lfna
Tawlaft ifulkin n Jamɛ lfna (Ktubṛ 2013)
Aɛisawi ar itturar s ilgmaḍn g Jamɛ lfna
Tiffiɣṛa d uɛisawi g Jamɛ lfna
Yan wanaw n turarin da illan g Jamɛ lfna
igrrabn (middn da izznzan aman g takccult) n Jamɛ lfna
Gnawa n Jamɛ lfna
Yan wanaw n tftilin inzzan g Jamɛ lfna
Asbbab n igumma das ittyawssan Jamɛ lfna
isbbabn n uttci g Jamɛ lfna
Uttci g Jamɛ lfna
Taktbit, timzgida illan tama n Jamɛ lfna
Taktbit sg yat tɣmrt yaḍni

Taẓuṛi d tazzulin^[9] g Jamɛ lfna:

Jamɛ lfna iga anmuggar n inaẓuṛn d trabbutin n taẓuṛi sg tasgiwin n Lmɣrib akkʷ, ku yan ar iskar yan wanaw imzarayn n taẓuṛi d ku yan dars agdud ns srs iẓlin, agdud sg tɣrmt n mrrakc n sg tasgiwin yaḍn, ili ula ugdud amaḍlan, sg Uruppa, Asya, Marikan ...

iḥlayqin :

Tga lḥlqt tawwri tagjdant bahra iggutn g jamɛ lfna; llan tugt n iḥlayqin, ku yan ar isawwal f yan imrsi iẓlin imzarayn f wawwal n wiyyaḍ. Llan iḥlayqin da issḍṣan middn, ilin daɣ iḥlayqin da isawwaln f tmassant, tadlsa, asgd.

Tinqqacin :

Llant tugt n tnaqqacin g Jamɛ lfna, tinqqacin gant timɣarin ittggan lḥnna i middn d iwckan s Jamɛ lɣna zund imallayn d middn nit d iwckan sg idɣarn yaḍni g Lmɣrib.

inḍḍamn:

inḍḍamn ggutn g Jamɛ lɣna, llan wida ittnḍamn s tmaziɣt ilin ula wida ittnḍamn s Ddarija.

imsasfarn :

imsasfarn gan middn isawwaln f imrsi n isafarn d tasnijjit tabldit, zund ukan asasfr s imɣayn.

Ayt umtcu :

Amtcu iga yat tɣawsa iwjadn bahra g Jamɛ lfna, zund ukan igumma, tifyyi.

Timgganin :

Jamɛ lfna gis kulci ma rak d iḍṛn g ifx, zund timgganin acku ar gis d tt mnaggurn middn sg kaygat tmazirt. Macc ad ur tssfldt i tmgganin tḍmɛat is rxant acku zzḍarnt ad ak awint rrẓq nk ɣir s lḥilt.

isbbabn n iktlan :

Ula iktlan ar nzzan g Jamɛ lɣna g tassukt n Ssmmaṛin.

Azmmem g MMMSMD :

G usggas n 1985, abaraz n Jamɛ lfna ittyazmmam ntta ula tiɣrmt n Mrrakc g talgamt n uyda amaḍlan n MMMSMD ^[10]. Abaraz n Jamɛ lfna iga uggar n uyda amaḍlan, ittyazmmam ula g talgamt n uyda adlsan arkmam g usggas n 2008 ^[11] ^[12]. Amarra aṣbnyuli Xwan Guytiṣulu Gay izdɣn g Mrrakc, ifka tugt n twwri bac ad ittyazmmam ubaraz g tlgamt ad ^[13]. Mklli nssn mas tiɣawsiwin illan ass ad g ubaraz n Jamɛ lfna kkandd timyurin bahra iqqburn izdin s tɣrmt n Mrrakc d imzdaɣ ns, tiɣawsiwin ad yan wass zzḍaṛt ad ftunt ttyamtant f iẓṛi nnaɣ d f iẓṛi imallayn, mayad ad iwddjan tamaddast n MMMSMD ad tzmmem abaraz g tilgamin ad, bac a tḥḍu, tḥbu, tgru kullu ma izdin s ubaraz n Jamɛ lfna ^[14].

Aḍukẓ n 2011 :

Dat tizwarnin n 28 Abril 2011, tbbaqqi lqhwa n Argana da illan g Jamɛ lfnan, mmutn gis 17 n middn, ttyagasn gis 25 n middn. G tizwiri nnan middn mas tabuṭayt (Buṭagaz) ka ibbaqqin g ugnsu, macc ḍaṛt aḍukẓ, tffaɣt tmawast tagnsant (tamawast n ugnsu) s yan usiwḍ tnna gis mas adukẓ ad iga abkkiḍ^[15]^[16].

Lqqhwa n Argana ḍaṛt adukẓ n 2011

Isgzawaln (msmun awal) :

Ẓṛ uggar :

Taɣrma Taẓuṛi

Isaɣuln

[1] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemaa_el-Fnaa

[2] ttps://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7

[3] ttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/cultural-space-of-jemaa-el-fna-square-00014?RL=00014

[4] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20210103122850/https://tal.ircam.ma/dglai/lexieam.php

[5] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemaa_el-Fnaa

[6] ttps://tal.ircam.ma/dglai/lexieam.php

[7] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20200729025105/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13226117

[8] ttps://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7

[9] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20210103122850/https://tal.ircam.ma/dglai/lexieam.php

[10] Tiɣrmt n Mrrakc tga sg uyda amaḍlan : http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/331

[11] ttps://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/lespace-culturel-de-la-place-jemaa-el-fna-00014

[12] ttps://www.academia.edu/4139227/La_Place_Jemaa_El_Fna_patrimoine_immateriel_de_Marrakech_du_Maroc_et_de_lhumanite_2006

[13] ttps://www.academia.edu/4139227/La_Place_Jemaa_El_Fna_patrimoine_immateriel_de_Marrakech_du_Maroc_et_de_lhumanite_2006

[14] ttps://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_Jemaa_el-Fna

[15] ttps://www.france24.com/ar/20110428-morocco-death-toll-gas-cannister-explode-marrakesh-djemaa-fna

[16] ttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13226117

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