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Timzgida n Tinml

Tga tmzgida n Tinml nɣ Timzgida Taxatart n Tinml (illa daɣ mad as ittinin Tinmal) yat tmzgida n tasuta tis snat d mrawt, tlla ɣ yan usun ism nns ɣd nttan Tinml, ɣ Udrar n Drn ɣ Lmɣrib. Mqqar ɣ wass ad ur ar sul tswuruy zun d Tmzgid, iɣrban nns suln ar ɣil gan inagan f umzruy nns imqqurn, tsul ar dɣikk tga yan ɣ idɣarn imzrayn lli bahra ilan atig ɣ tmazirt. Tettyubna tmzgida ad ɣ udɣar lli ɣ ittumḍal Ibn Tumrt, amkras n umussu n imuwaḥḥidn. Tga tmzgida ad yan umdya axatar f tmsdagt tamwaḥdit.

Timzgida n Tinml
ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ - المسجد الأعظم بتينمل
Tawlaft n tmzgida zɣ bṛṛa.
Addad Ur da tswuri
Adɣar
Aḍwwaṛ Tinml
Imsidag irakaln 30°59′5.4″N 8°13′42.1″W
Tamsdagt
Anaw Timzgida
Tamamkt Amuwaḥḥidi, Amɣribi, Amuri, Amslm
Amkras Ɛabd Al Mumin
Ma s tẓli
Taṣṣumɛt 1
Amattiw Lbrik

Tkcm tmzgida n Tinml ɣ tlgamt n idɣarn n wayda amaḍlan n UNESCO zɣ usggʷas n 1995.[1]

Adɣar ssnfl

Tlla Tinml ɣ yat tizi taxatart ɣ utaram n idrarn n Waṭlas mqqurn ad tt igan d Tizi n Tst gr Mrrakc ɣ iẓẓlmḍ d tsga n Sus ɣ iffus. Tlla ɣ tsgiwin n idrarn n Tuggkal ɣ tsga yaḍn n wasif n Fiss lli d ittɛmmaṛn s waman akud nna iḍṛ unẓar, taggug s kra n 106 km ɣ iffus-ataram n tmdint n Mṛṛakc nɣ s kra n 55 km iffus-ataram n tmdint n Asni ɣ yat tattuyt n 1270 m ɣ ubrid n udrar R203, nna izrayn f Tizi n Tst ɣ umnid n Trudant.

Amzruy ssnfl

Tkka tt inn tga tamaẓunt tamzwarut n umussu amuwaḥḥidi nna mi iga Ibn Tumrt amkras. Iṣku imḍfaṛn nns ɣid ɣ 1124 nɣ 1125, d ɣinn ad tt inn ikkan iga tasila nna ɣ d ukin imrabṭn nna inbḍn tamazirt ɣ uzmz ann.[2][3] Yat tmzgida tamzwarut tettyubna ɣid ɣ uzmz ann nɣ imikk n tizi dffir.[4] Lliɣ immut Ibn Tumrt ɣ 1130, ittumḍal ɣinn, skrn middn g umḍl nns zun d kra n ḍḍariḥ asgdan d udɣar n lḥajj ḍaṛt mayad.[5] Ɛabd Al Mumin, lli d iɣʷin anbaḍ n imuwaḥḥidn ḍaṛt n tmttant n Ibn Tumrt, iɣts ad ibnu yat tmzgida tamaynut ɣ tama nɣ iggi n udɣar ad ɣ 1148, mk lli s ittyura s usddid ɣ warratn iqburn n uzmz ann[4][6]. Mqqar asakud n usadur n 1153-1154 lli ifka Rawḍ Al Qiṛṭas tsul tettubdar dar kigan.[2][7][8] Timzgida tamaynut irwas is tumẓ adɣar n Timzgid lli tt inn ɣid ikkan[5][6].

Tamsdagt ssnfl

Bṛṛa ssnfl

 
Taṣṣumɛt n tmzgida.

Trwas tuṣka ad ɣ bṛṛa nns kra n ugadir nɣ kra n tiɣrmt s iɣʷrban nns iḍnin ifrarn, anaw ad tẓli sis tamsdagt tamuwaḥḥidt, ar t nttafa ɣ tugt n tmzgadiwin nnsn. Tṭṭaf tuṣka ad yan uɣawas n tisfrin, yaẓ i ukuẓdis, gis 43 f 40 id mitru.[6] Yat tmẓlit nna s tẓli timzgid ad tga tt talɣa d waddud n tṣṣumɛt illan ɣ tuẓẓumt n uɣʷrab nns n yiffus ɣ yixf n tlimamt ; tamẓlit ad n usugn ur da tt nttafa ɣ tmzgadiwin timzrayin.[6] Tṭṭaf tṣṣumɛt yat tsila igan tunziɣant lli d ittffuɣn s bṛṛa zɣ uɣrab n bṛṛa lli lli as issutln, mac dars yat tfrist ibbin niɣ ur ikmmln, g unmgal da nttafa tiṣṣumɛin yaḍnin n imuwaḥḥidn mqqurnt, zurnt (zun d taṣṣumɛt n Kutubiyya g Mrrakc d Giralda g Icbilya). Timzgida gis sa n ikccumn: kraḍ ɣ tsga n lqblt d tggut d yan ukccum anammas ɣ iẓẓlmḍ.

Agʷns ssnfl

G ugʷns, timzgid ad dars yan unmala n igjda azurtan s yan usarag agnsan. Tadala n tẓallit tadslant tettubḍa f tẓa n id ṣaḥn (s tnglizt: Nave) (imikk zɣ tsga n iẓẓlmḍ ar iffus) s idrasn n tskiwin s uzzal n wayyis ifrsn.

Taskla ssnfl

  • Christian Ewert, Jens-Peter Wisshak: Die Moschee von Tinmal. (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Madrid. Madrider Beiträge, 10) Zabern, Darmstadt 1985, ISBN 978-3-8053-0743-7.
  • Arnold Betten: Marokko. Antike, Berbertraditionen und Islam – Geschichte, Kunst und Kultur im Maghreb. DuMont, Ostfildern 2012, S. 254ff. ISBN 978-3-7701-3935-4.
  • Basset, H. et Terrasse, H. “Sanctuaires et forteresses almohades”, in Hespéris, 1924, pp. 9-91.
  • Marçais, G., L'architecture musulmane d'Occident, Paris, 1954, pp. 201-202.
  • Triki, H., Hassar-Benslimane, J., Touri, A., Tinmel, l'épopée almohade, Casablanca, 1992.

Ɣr uggar ssnfl

Isaɣuln ssnfl

 
 Tẓḍart ad tẓṛt uggar f Timzgida mqqurn n Tinml ɣ usnfar n Commons.

  1. ↑ Mosquée de Tinmel - UNESCO
  2. ↑ 2,0 et 2,1 Bennison, Amira K. (2016). The Almoravid and Almohad Empires. Edinburgh University Press
  3. ↑ Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–90, 106. ISBN 0521337674.
  4. ↑ 4,0 et 4,1 Salmon, Xavier (2018). Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269. Paris: LienArt
  5. ↑ 5,0 et 5,1 Lakhdar, Kamal. "Tinmel Mosque". Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers. Retrieved November 14, 2020
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 et 6,3 Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800. Yale University Press. pp. 123–127
  7. ↑ Dodds, Jerrilynn D., ed. (1992). Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 87–93. ISBN 0870996371.
  8. ↑ "Qantara - The Tinmel Mosque". www.qantara-med.org. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
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