Imẓmudn
Gan Imẓmudn (s tɛṛabt: مصمودة) yan umqqun imqqurn n tqbilin timaziɣin nna tt inn ikkan ɣ Lmɣrib, tg yat zɣ timqqranin akkʷ g Tmazɣa ɣ tsga n Ijanatn d Iẓnagn.[1] Ass ad, tugt n imẓmudn gan imssiwln s tutlayt tamaziɣt Taclḥiyt, ilin kra gisn, zun d irgragn, nna immattin s Tɛṛabt.
Amzruy
ssnflKkan tt inn yada imẓmudn umẓn igzman mqqurnin zɣ ikalln n Lmɣrib, gin mddn zdɣnin ur ittmuddun, salan tafllaḥt. Tkka tt inn Aɣmat da illan ɣ Udrar n Drn tga tamaẓunt nnsn. Zɣ tasuta tis 10, kcmn t nn tqbilin tiẓnagin d tijanatin, kcmn s ikalln nna ɣ tt inn kkan imẓmudn. Kcmn iṛḥḥaln iɛṛabn dɣ nttni zɣ tasuta tis 12 s mad tt iḍfarn.
Ismun U Tumrt tiqbilin n Imẓmudn ɣ tuddma n tasuta tis 12, isrs tirsal n umussu amwḥḥid lli rad ismun Lmɣrib imqqurn akkʷ d Wandalus.[2] Ḍaṛat n tḍuṛi n uwank nnsn, urrin daɣ imẓmudn s mk lli tt inn kkan, yawi tt ku aqbil ɣar ɣ tnafut nns, icku asn watig asrtan da tt inn darsn ikkan.[3]
Tiqbilin nnsn
ssnflDat n ukccum n Iɛṛabn n Banu Hilal ɣ tgira n tasuta tis 12, kkan tt inn imẓmudn bḍan f kraḍt trubba mqqurnin: Iɣʷmarn ɣ ugafa, Ibrɣwaṭn ɣ wammas n Lmɣrib, d imẓmudn ɣ unẓul.[3]
Ibdr umara (war ism) n udlis Mafāxir al-Barbar, lli ittyuran ɣ 1312,[4] yat tglamt n tqbilin n imẓmudn gitsnt: Iḥaḥan, Irgragn, Iwrikn, Izmirn (izmrawn?), Igdmiwn, Ingnfis, Ilizrgn (هزرجة), Idkkʷaln, Intan (هنتاتة), Inmaɣus (ماغوسة), Itḥlawn.[5]
Ɣ ugafa, kkan tt inn imẓmudn amun ɣ Iɣʷmarn, ilint didsn snat tqbilin mẓẓiynin nna ibdr Lbakri ɣ tasuta tis 11: Aẓẓadn nna izdɣn gr Lqṣṛ Lkbir d Wzzan, d yat tqbilt yaḍnin izdɣn ɣ tama n Sbta.
Ɣ unẓul, kkan tt inn bḍan f snat trubba mqqurnin: Imẓmudn n uzaɣar (agafa n Idrarn n Drn) d Imẓmudn n idrarn. Ɣ tiqbilin a ad tt inn ikkan ɣ izaɣarn: Idkkʷaln, Ayt Mgir, Izmirn, Irgragn, Iḥaḥan.[3] Imẓmudn n idrarn umẓn Adrar n Drn (Aṭlas Mqqurn) d tsggʷin n Waṭlas Mẓẓiyn. Ɣ udrar n Drn, tiqbilin gis llanin gant tnt: Igliwa, Ilann (?), Iwrikn, Izrajn, Aẓẓadn (kcmn gisn Imsfiwn, Inmaɣus d Induɣaɣ), Intan (kcmn gisn Iɣiɣayn), Ayt Tinml, iẓudn (صودة), Igdmiwn d ingnfis (kcmn gisn Isksawn), Ayt Wawzgit (Tifnut).[3] Tiqbilin n Imẓmudn nna illan ɣ tsggʷin n Sus d Waṭlas Mẓẓiyn gant tnt: iskʷtann d Warɣn. Ttyubdarnt tqbilin yaḍnin ɣ dar umara n tasuta tis 12 Lidrisi, macc ur wala baynn ismawn nnsnt ɣ warra.[3]
Da anɣ ittini Ibn Xaldun mas d Iskurn (هسكورة), lli igan iẓnagn s iẓuran, zdɣn ɣ idrarn n Waṭlas, ar tn bahra smunn mddn d Imẓmudn acku uwsn i tmntilt Tamwḥḥidt. Tiqbilin nnsnt gant tnt: Izmrawn, Imɣran, Igrnan, Iɣʷjdamn, Infḍwak, Imṣṭawn (?), Inultan, Intift.[3]
Tisuɣal
ssnfl- ↑ Nelson, Harold D. (1985). Morocco, a country study. Area handbook series. Washington, D.C.: The American University. pp. 14. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001298165.
- ↑ Nelson 19-20
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 et 3,5 Colin, G.S. (1991). "Maṣmūda". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 741–744. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
- ↑ Bearman, P., ed. (2012). "Kitāb Mafāk̲h̲ir al-Barbar". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (online ed.). Brill. (ISBN 9789004161214).
- ↑ unknown (2005) (in ar). مفاخر البربر. Morocco: دار أبي رقراق للطباعة والنشر. pp. 172. (ISBN 978-9954-423-46-2). https://books.google.com/books?id=5nZyAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9.