Aḥwac (s tfinaɣ : ⴰⵃⵡⴰⵛ, s tɛrabt : أحواش) iga yat tẓuri, d yan wanaw n umarg nna ittilin s trubba, illa dar imaziɣn n unẓul n Lmɣrib nttini iclḥiyn. Iggut ɣ tmizar n Sus d Waṭlas imẓẓiyn d wad imqqurn. Kraygat tamazirt nɣ adɣar ittuyssan s wanaw uḥwac lli sis iẓlin. Tmun tẓuri ad d imasn n umarg d iwaliwn, ilin gisn inawn ggutnin.[1]
Yan anaw n uḥwac
Aḥwac lli igan tamunt ig tarabbut ig awd udm n twizi yaḍnin. isman uḥwac tarabbut n ufgan d umarg d uẓawan, isman s ɣikan isyafatn n middn. Ur iẓli uḥwac s urgaz ula tawtmt, ur igi win wid mẓẓiyn ula wid mqquṛn isman middn akkʷ, d ur igli middn s kra n uṭṭun, aḥwac ismun middn zɣ sin ar ifḍ n ufgan d uggar.
Tawalt n uḥwac tga assaɣ i kullu tirabbutin n uẓawan d umarg lli ɣʷmanin s tmagit n tussna tamaziɣt, zund kullu iḥwacn n Sus (amṣmudi), d iḥwacn n ayt uzaɣar d ayt udrar, macc ur nẓḍaṛ a ngli (lunast, timdyazin n ḥmada, lɛiṭa, ḥuran, tahramt, lhit, lmlḥun, takriḥt, tafrraḥt n trudant…) g wassaɣ n uḥwac lliɣ fllas dwrn wanawn ad n uẓawan, d urt sul rwasn s kigan, gan iḥwacn ttɛṛṛbnin lli sun ur igin amaziɣ, acku iɣ nna aḥwac nukz nn kigan n iḥwacn lli llan inn s tutlayt tamaziɣt lli ilsan tamagit tamaziɣt, g Sus d lḥuz d wasif n Dra. Waxxa illa uḥwac s kigan wanawn d kigan n ikʷlan d uẓawan macc iga yan s tɣarast nns iẓlin ɣ tussna tamaziɣt.
Anawn ad n iḥwacn mmrksnin llan g Sus, aḥwac n Ida Usmlal ur igi aḥwac n Uwluz, illa kra n uzilal grasn ɣ uẓawan d uklu d tɣarast lli sa gis tt ḥucn. Ilin tmnaḍin mqqar iga ism yan, macc aḥwac ur igi yan, anawn n iḥwacn illan ɣ udrar n Drn ur igi zun d iḥwacn illan g udrar n laṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu, ur mmrwasn ɣ izli ula imassn ula ur gin yan ɣ uklu n trabbut d tɣarast n uḥwac. Abṭṭu ad illan ngr aḥwac n udrar n drn mqquṛn d udrar amṛwaṣu d Sus akkʷ d Lḥuz, irwas is d ikka anaw n tzdgi d igamiwn lliɣ zdɣn imaziɣn, ig umzruy awd nttan zɣ a illi iffaln tifiras nns g tẓuṛi d tussna akkʷ.
Iḥwacn lli akkʷ illan ɣ tussna tamaziɣt mqqar gan anawn iggutn, iga yat tẓuṛi lli s tẓli tussna tamaziɣt, ig ayda lli d fln imzwura i ufgan dis yusin aklu n tɣrma d tmagit tamaziɣt.
Timlsit n uḥwac ur tgi yat, ku tamazirt man tmlsit lssan imurar g uḥwac. d kra iga tt tamurt tẓli tmlsit nnsn g tffugliwin nnsn d tmyurin nnsn, iɣ nẓṛa timlsit ɣ iḥwacn n ayt tmazirt n Waqqa d tsktant d Ṭaṭa ur gint zun d tmlsa n iḥwacn n ayt uzaɣar n Tznit, d xtid akkʷ ur gint zun d tinn lli lssan ayt udrar n laṭlaṣ, ig mayan a illi iẓlin s kra iga tt tamazirt. Anawn ad n tmlsa d ikʷlan ad immrkksn g tmizar iga afulki lli tla tɣrma tamaziɣt, lli mi iṛcm umzruy tifras nns.
Aẓawan n uḥwac ula nttan immrkks iggut iga anawn ɣ uḥwac amaziɣ. Ilin sin wanawn n isaffn n uẓawan, amzwaru : aẓawan amaziɣ azayku, lli ur iffaɣn isaffn n umarg azayku amaziɣ, ig ula nttan sin wanawn yan iga aclḥi wis sin iga abudrar, d wanaw wis sin ɣ isaffn n uẓawan illa : aẓawan n tafriqt, lli igan aẓawan d ikkan agʷns n tfriqt lli imann g yan uklu n izli ar as tt inin Gnawa nɣ Tagnawit.
Isaffn n uẓawan amaziɣ ar tn izuzzur wallun, d isaffn n uẓawan n tfriqt ar tn izuzzur ganga iman dis ula wallun. Aẓawan ad n tfriqt ar tt inn bahra nttafa g laṭlaṣ mẓẓiyn d ugʷns n iffus d iffus atawan.
Iḥwacn n umaziɣ llan f smmust tiwal (lackal), mqqar iga uḥwac win irgazn i waḍu nnsn niɣ iga win irgazn d tmɣarin niɣ win tmɣarin i waḍu nnsnt niɣ iga win tfrxin.
Aḥwac ur igi ɣar yan urkkz unzil, iga udm yaḍnin n tudrt nna d issnkarn asnflul d tmdyazt d ummutr ɣ ufulki, iga yat twlaft iddrn ar d ttrar amrara n ufgan amaziɣ d ukaraw nns agaman d unfgan ɣ umrara d issufuɣn inzgumn nɣd inaruzn nɣd tufrayin d timmutrin d tiwlafin ɣ umarur irar tnt s tɣarast n usnflul s tiwlafin n tẓuri ifulkin.
Ɣayann n umssugr amgraw, nna ɣ tswiri dis tagrawt tudrt nns tamktayt d amnlli, ɣ ammas n timyurin tiẓuriwin tidlsanin, nttat iɣ nra tga tamddit taẓawant turkkizt d anmiggir ismunun iẓuran n umsasa d idammn d tiddra, ɣ yan ummak amgraw imann, d iga yat tinml tanamunt ɣ tlla twizi ɣ tayri izddign ar tsxitir afrak anamun dar ifganen s izrfan nnsn d imafllaɣn-nnsn f unamur, d gratsn, ɣ uyddaɣ ttinin imdyazn n imukrisn d iswingimn ɣ yan ummak anamun ifulkin iɣudan s timyuriwin tiqburin tizaykutn.
Aḥwac tga yat tguri da twanna i ku anawn n urkkz anamun. Mk nna gan t talɣiwin d inyatn nns ɣ iffus n Lmɣrib ɣ tasgiwin n Waṭlas imẓẓiyn d itsn t ɣ Waṭlas imqqurn d inna ɣ llan t tiqbilin timaziɣin isawaln s tutlayt taclḥit. Anamk-nns: amun n imzdaɣ n tmazirt ɣ yan udɣar iga s yism "Asays" nɣd "Asrir" nɣd "Asarag", afad ad ḥucn, ɣ yat tmddit taẓurant innurẓmn i ku yan wanna iran ad idru s tguri nɣd tizlit nɣd anya.
Aḥwac tga yat trkkzt tanamunt ɣ ittdru ɣ tifri nns tarabbut n middn ur illi wattay nnsn, ilin t ula tiwtmin, d iẓil ad gnt tifddamin macc tinna yuwln ur aɣ tdrunt macc irgazn ur gisn tlli tfada ad.
Tawlaft n tarabbut n uḥwac n taskiwin, adwwaṛ n irḥḥaln g ilbnsirn timzgadiwin.
Taskiwin, anaw n uḥwac amaziɣ, sul iddrn ɣ gr urarn n middn ili sul g iffuglutn n imaziɣn izdɣn ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n udrar n drn, mqqar ittidras uḥwac ad ar ittmtat ɣ tmyurin nnsn. Iga uḥwac ad n tskiwin ayda d fln imzwura imaziɣn i tussna n ufgan. tili dars tamatart iggutn ɣ iskkinn n tussna tamaziɣt, ifk wanaw ad n uḥwac tugga xf kigan n imsarn izrin ɣ umzruy izdin d imnɣi. aḥwac n taskiwin ila addur akswat g tussna d fln middn n zik, ig tandra n iman nnsn g tizi n imnɣan nnsn, ig awd taɣlaɣalt nnsn d ikkan zikk n tasutin. Iḥwac n taskiwin tga t ɣilad UNESCO ɣ uɣawas nns iẓlin s wayda d fln imzwura ɣ tussna n ufgan, d lliɣ ira uḥwac ad aḥṭṭu iggutn ḥma a iɣama ɣ tmyurt n ufgan amaziɣ ad ur immt.[2]
Aḥwac n taskiwin araɣ issktay amzruy nnɣ d imnɣan izrin ɣ tmnaḍt ann ɣ illa wanaw ad n uḥwac, d imussutn n tunnunt lli gis illan, lli aɣ issktayn tiddas d turrgza n irgazn ɣ imnɣi, ig uḥwac n taskiwin tullist tt allsn middn f imnɣi lli izrin. Ar ssfaln imussutn n uḥwac n taskiwin s taɣḍft d tiggʷs ḥma ad kcmn i imnɣi (ijɣaym), d iɣ nn ukin f ufna (askkur - butska - ḥrrk uccn), d iɣ ukin iwutta d iḍṛṛasn, d iɣ gan imnayn (ahyyaḍ - lmizan - bjjr afullus), iɣ a ttllin s tmatart ifl ufna ɣ ḍaṛat nns, ar sis ttllin ( fttc akal), d iɣ rwln niɣ iɣ rkʷsn (amklb - hrd), d iɣ rnan imnɣi immt ufna (ufuɣ - assuss). imussutn ad munn d uzduqqṛ n wawgaln, d usinṣg n tgʷmamt, d uẓawan n wallun. Ar ttḥwacn imurar aḥwac ad ɣ yat tsutlt iqqnn, acku imurar gan zun d imnayn lli itt qqln s ufna ad t glin, tg tsutlt ad tamatart n twizi d tamunt n tqbilin g ussan n imnɣi, ku yan zɣ trabbut ann ar ittbddad ɣ udɣar nns, iḥuwc iẓṛ ula imddukkʷal nns lli dis ittḥwacn ɣ usays.
Ajmak n Wactukn Ayt Baha iga yan uhwac illan ɣ Sus. Lant tugt n tmsmunin fkant as atig ilin rways ila ɣ tsga n ctuka yan rays ujmak itussan bahra ismas said uwzru ilin tugt zund hmad rrih d hmad udris d aɣidda d hntjja d hmad u3ddi usltana d Umɣuɣd rays libahra mqqurn bihtti.
Aḥwac ad ittawssan g ( actukn - imi mqquṛn - ayt mẓal - ihlaln - ayt wadrim - sidi ɛabd llah lbucwari - tizi n takuct - targa n ticka - xmis ayt musa - iwsimn - tanalt - ayt walyaḍ - ayt baha udrar - ayt baha umlal - azaɣar n tiznit …), ar gis tt ḥwacn irgazn d tmɣarin, g sin imaɣʷdn ingabaln.
Tamsmunt n lɛammt n usun n iḥuddjin iḍfaṛn i tgrawt n tdili-fṭwaka, ar tturarn g usun n ugadir buɛciba, tagrawt n Unzu, tanara n Fṭwaka, g usggas n 2015
Lɛammt[3] tga yan wanaw n tẓuṛi tamaziɣt g illa uṛkaḍ[4][5] imunn d nnḍm, taẓuṛi ad tlla dar tugt n tqqbilin timaziɣin g Lmɣrib. Tettyussan bahra lɛammt g tqqbilt n infḍwak[6] illan g tamnaḍt n Uzilal, tasga n Bni Mllal-Xnifṛa. Ar tettyawskar Lɛammt akud nna illa kra n uzmzzu iẓlin s tqqbilt nɣ s kra n usun nɣ aḍwwaṛ, zun ig tlla tmɣra dar usli nɣ taslit, ttlgit (anmuggur da skarn middn i lɛaml, lqqayd nɣ kra n ubṛlamani) n kra wudm imqqurn, asfuglu s kra n uzmzzu n tsrtit zun istayn nɣ kra n imnɣi. G irir n Lɛammt ar ttbddadn tugt n irgazn ar skarn adur[7], lsn tijlluba nɣ lfuqqiyyat tumlilin nɣ tiwraɣin (idrus ma g ttilint g kra n ukʷlu yaḍn), d idukan d titqacrin[7] (ar asnt ttinin ttqqacṛ) ula nttnti g ma iggutn ar ttggant tumlilin nɣ tiwraɣin, gn f yixf nnsn acddad nɣ taṛẓẓit (ar as ttinin infḍwak ṛṛẓṭ) tawṛaɣt nɣ tumlilt nɣ ar lssan f ixfawn nnsn tacacit (nɣ ṭṭagiyya) ula nttat g ukʷlu umlil nɣ awraɣ; agʷln g iɣariwn (nɣ iɣṛaḍ) nnsn lkʷmmit, ku argaz ar dis isatti allun nɣ tallunt nns nɣ ar ittḥuc ɣar s ifassn nns, yili ditsn ula bab n ganga, ar ssntayn (nɣ ar bddun) irgazn llɣa nɣ tanḍḍamt ar kkatn allun ar ig iḥma ilmma kcmn d tfrxin (ar asnt ttinin timḥwacin) ilsan lqqṭib d tmlsa tiblday n tmazirt skrnt ula nttnti adur nnsnt dat adur n irgazn macc ur a ditsn ttxllaḍn ar ig ssrɣan lɛammt ilmma ku argaz ar d ilddi yat tfruxt ad dis ittḥuc. Tifrxin ar ttḥucnt s ifassn macc irgazn ar ttḥucn s ifassn nɣ s tallunt.
Aẓuṛ n yism n "Lɛammt" ur illi kra n usaɣul ittyaran fllas isawln, macc ar fllas sawaln middn g tudrt nnsn takuyast. G Lmɣrib ar aṭṭan middn ingr yan ufgan da iḥṣan lqqṛan d wid da ur t iḥṣin, middn da iḥṣan ar asn ttinin "ṭṭlba" (amyun ns Ṭṭalb) nɣ "lmsafrin" (amyun nns lmsafr, ar asn aqqran s ism ad acku ar ttsafarn afad ad ḥṣun lqqṛan); middn da ur iḥṣin Lqqṛan ar asn aqqran s "iɛammin" (amyun nns Aɛammi). Llan kra n iwnnan ittinin mas ism n Lɛammt ittyafka i tẓuṛi ad acku ar tt tturarn ɣaṛr middn da ur iḥṣin Lqqṛan nɣ "iɛammin", ɣayann af tga Lɛammt. Illa daɣ yan wawal yaḍn ittinin mas taguri n "Lɛammt" ar tt ttinin i tẓuṛi ad acku g mad izrin lɛammt ar tt tturarn middn akkʷ n iqqbiln, ku aqqbil nɣ ku usun ar ttmunan imzdaɣn nns akkʷ akud nna illa kra n usfuglu, middn n usun akkʷ ad igan lɛammt[8][9], ur ar ttinin mas tlla lɛammt abla ig ggutn middn.
↑(mzɣ) taguri ad ar sis sawwaln middn g tqqbilt n infḍwak, isawl fllas umrzu Ɛbdlhadi Zidan g yan uvidyu nɣ abidyu g Youtube, azwl ns : أنثروبولوجيا: قبيلة فطواكة --https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JJ-gS3B8QY&t=101s
