Tutlayt Taɣdimst

Taɣdimst
Taɣdimst
Aẓaran ɣ	Libya
Tasga	Ɣadamis
Imsiwln imlalutn	13,100 (2006)
Tawja n tutlayin	Tafrusyawit Tamaziɣt Tamaziɣt tagmuḍant Taɣdimst; ; ;
Tantlayin	Ayt Wazitn, Ayt Ulid
Ingaln n tutlayt
ISO 639-3	gha
Glottolog	ghad1239

Taɣdimst
Taɣdimst
Aẓaran ɣ	Libya
Tasga	Ɣadamis
Imsiwln imlalutn	13,100 (2006)
Tawja n tutlayin	Tafrusyawit Tamaziɣt Tamaziɣt tagmuḍant Taɣdimst; ; ;
Tantlayin	Ayt Wazitn, Ayt Ulid
Ingaln n tutlayt
ISO 639-3	gha
Glottolog	ghad1239

Tutlayt taɣdimst (Tamaziɣt: Ɛdims, [ʕdimes] nɣ Ɣdams, [ɣdames]; Taɛṛabt: غدامس, [ɣadaːmes]) tga yat tutlayt tamaziɣt ittusawaln ɣ tɣla n udwwar n Ɣadamis ɣ tsuḍnt n Nalut ɣ Libya.

Asnubbc

Timttawin f tutlayt taɣdimst smunn tnt sin imsnilsn. Timttawin timzwura ifsr tnt Adolphe de Calassanti Motylinski g 1903 d 1904. Gant twuriwin n Jacques Lanfry, lli izdɣn g ɣadamis zɣ 1944 ar 1945, ifsr snat twuriwin nns nna istuhmman ɣ 1968 d 1973, asagʷm yufn amzwaru. Ur jjun sul ittuskar kra n usnubbc amaynu f udɣar ad sɣ wakud ann. Ɣ tgariwin ad, ifsr Kossmann (2013) yat tjṛṛumt tatrat ibiddn f tmttawin n Lanfry.

Uṭṭun n imsiwln

Iḍkḍ Lanfry is llan 4,000 n imssiwnl iɣ kullu ggutn^[2]. Uṭṭun ɣ tilawt ur ittussan s usnɣd. Ar isawal Ethnologue f yan wuṭṭan dar 10,000 ɣ 2006 d 2,000 yaḍn iddrn bṛṛa n udɣar. Maccan uṭṭun n 10,000 iga tamuttrt n imzdaɣn Ɣadamis lli kullu ur igin imsiwln s tutlayt taɣdimst. Nnig n aya, Uṭṭun ad n 2,000 n umzwag amsiwl ibdd f yan usagʷm bahra iqqburn^[3]. Ethnologue ar tt issiḍin am tutlayt illan g imizi n unɣubu "6b" (Threatened).

Tutlayt

Tga Tɣdimst tutlayt tamaziɣt i waḍu nns, tari mnnawt tmẓlay tisnmslitin d tsnalɣanin timyiwnin. Amawal n tɣdimst, mk lli t izmmim Lafry, ar immal iḍiṣ idrusn zzɣ tɛṛabt. Ur ta illi kra n umsasa f ussinw n tɣdimst gr trabbut n tutlayin timaziɣin. Aikhenvald d Militarev (1984) ar tt ssiḍinn f tmaziɣt n ugmuḍ. Kossmann (1999) ar tt ismun d Twilant. Ethnologue iga tt d Tajanat n ugmuḍ g ussinw nns.

Tasnmslit

Tirgalin

Zun d tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍn d tɛṛabt, Taɣdimst dars tirgalin tuffayin (pharyngealized) d tɣmsanin (plain dental consonants). Tg tussda tanmẓlayt (contrastive). Tirgalin ittyubdarn gr tskiwin ar ttjṛunt ɣar kra n tikkal (sporadically).

ifunimn n trgalin n Tɣdimst (IPA)
	Labial	Labio- dental	Dental	Dental phar.	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal	m		n̪
Stop	(p) b		t̪ d̪	t̪ˤ dˤ	ɟ	k ɡ	q
Fricative	β	f	s̪ z̪	s̪ˤ z̪ˤ	ʃ ʒ	x ɣ		ħ ʕ	h
Affricate					(tʃ)
Approximant	w		l̪	l̪ˤ	j
Trill			r̪	r̪ˤ

Iɣritn

Amata n tutlayin timaziɣin ṭṭafnt ɣar kraḍ iɣritn imslicann.

tṭṭaf Taɣdimst smmus iɣritn zun d tamacɣt.

ifunimn n iɣritn n Tɣdimst (IPA)
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Close-mid	e		o
Mid		ə
Near-open		ɐ
Open		a

Amawal asilan

Tlla ɣ izdar talgamt n Lipzig-Jakarta n tɣdimst, tettyuskar f aylli illan g Lanfry (1973).

	Tinglizt	Taɣdimst
1	fire	ōfa
2	nose	tənzart
3	to go	as with verbal deictic n "thither" (cf. 11 to come)
4	water	aman (plurale tantum)
5	mouth	ame
6	tongue	ēləs
7	blood	dămmăn (plurale tantum)
8	bone	ɣăṣṣ
9	2sg pronoun	šăgg(ən) (m.), šămm(ən) (f.)
10	root	aẓur "root of plant"
11	to come	as with verbal deictic d "hither" (cf. 3 to go)
12	breast	bab, admār
13	rain	anaẓar
14	1sg pronoun	năšš(ən)
15	name	ism
16	louse	talləkt
17	wing	afraw
18	flesh/meat	aksəm
19	hand/arm	ōfəss "hand", āɣil "arm"
20	fly	izi
21	night	ēβăḍ
22	ear	ēsəm
23	neck	takorəmt (cf. 47 back)
24	far	(not attested)
25	to do/make	əqḍu "to do, achieve" < Arabic, ăj "to put, to make"
26	house	daž, taddart
27	stone/rock	ērəj
28	bitter	iẓēk "to be bitter"
29	to say	ăn
30	tooth	asēn "incisor", taɣməst "molar", tawjlet "canine"
31	hair	azaw
32	big	(not attested)
33	one	yōn (m.), yōt (f.)
34	who?	anno
35	3sg pronoun	(n)itto (m.), (n)ittāt (f.)
36	to beat/hit	ŏwət
37	leg/foot	aḍar
38	horn	aškaw
39	this	-o
40	fish	(not attested)
41	yesterday	ənḍəβăd
42	to drink	ăsw
43	black	săṭṭăf "to be black" (perfective stem; aorist stem not attested)
44	navel	tamet
45	to stand	ăβdəd "to be standing", ăkkər "to stand up"
46	to bite	ămbər
47	back	akorm, təkurmēn (cf. 23 neck)
48	wind	aḍo "wind, odour"
49	smoke	ōβo
50	what?	ke, me
51	child (kin term)	ara, tarwa
52	egg	tasadəlt
53	to give	ăkf
54	new	(not attested)
55	to burn (intr.)	ărɣ
56	not	wăl, ak
57	good	samēḥ < Arabic
58	to know	ăssən
59	knee	ōfəd
60	sand	tamallilt
61	to laugh	ăḍs
62	to hear	ăsl
63	soil	tammurt "earth, soil"
64	leaf	təfra "leaf of tree"
65	red	azŭggaɣ "red one" (prob. /azəggʷaɣ/)
66	liver	tōsa
67	to hide	əkənn
68	skin/hide	ēlăm "animal skin"
69	to suck	ăzməm
70	to carry	ăbb "to carry, bring", ăškəl "to carry, lift"
71	ant	takəṭfet
72	heavy	ăẓẓāk "to be heavy" (perfective stem; aorist stem not attested)
73	to take	āβăʕ "to take", ōməẓ "to seize, hold"
74	old	imqōr, iwsər "to be old, elderly (human)"
75	to eat	ăšš
76	thigh	taɣma
77	thick	izwər "to be thick"
78	long	əzzəjrət "to be long"
79	to blow	sβəḍ
80	wood	asɣēr "(piece of) wood"
81	to run	ăzzəl
82	to fall	ōḍu
83	eye	awăll
84	ash	ēšəd
85	tail	tabaḥṣuṣṣ < Arabic?
86	dog	ēde
87	to cry/weep	ăẓẓəf
88	to tie	ăqqēn
89	to see	ălləm
90	sweet	(not attested)
91	rope	tazara
92	shade/shadow	tēle
93	bird	ajaḍiḍ
94	salt	tēsənt
95	small	imtēt "to be small"
96	wide	(not attested)
97	star	iri
98	in	dəj, -i
99	hard	(not attested)
100	to grind/crush	ăẓəd "to grind", ăddəβ "to crush (in a mortar)"

Tabiblyugraft

Calassanti Motylinski, A. de (1903). "Note sur la mission dans le Souf pour y étudier le dialecte berbère de R'adamès". Journal Asiatique. 1903, II: 157–162.
Calassanti Motylinski, A. de (1904). Le dialecte berbere de R’edamès. Paris: Leroux.
Kossmann, M. (2013). A Grammatical Sketch of Ghadames Berber (Libya). Köln: Köppe. ISBN 978-3-89645-940-4.
Lanfry, J. (1968). Ghadamès: Etude linguistique et ethnographique. I, Textes, notes philologiques et ethnographiques. Fort-National: Fichier de documentation berbère. (Archived link)
Lanfry, J. (1973). Ghadamès: Etude linguistique et ethnographique. II, Glossaire (parler des Ayt Waziten). [Fort-National]: Le fichier périodique.

Isaɣuln

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ghadames". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ghad1239.
↑ Lanfry (1973:iv).
↑ Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, article Ghadāmis (1952): 2,000 persons with a background in Ghadames living in Tunis; quoted by Lanfry (1973:iv).

Tutlayin Timaziɣin
Tutlayin	Amzray	Tamaziɣt taqburt^†,LB
	Gwanc	Tagwancit^†
	Agmuḍ	Tawilant · Tasuknit · Taɣdimst · Tazrgt^† · Tanfust · Tasiwit
	Agafa	Tajnat	Aṭlas Anammas Agmuḍan^SṬ (Ayt Sɣruccn · Ayt Warayn) · Tanzruft Tagafayt (Tagurart · Tumẓabt · Tamaziɣt n unẓul n Wahran d Figig · Tidiklt · Tuwat · Tugurt · Tagargrnt) · Tarifit · Tijanatin tigmmuḍanin n Lmɣrib · Ayt Iznasn · Ayt Snus · Tacawit · Tazwarit Tatunsit^SG (Tajṛbit · Tamaziɣt n Maṭmaṭa · Tasndit^† · Tawilult) · Tutrimt Tadzayrit (Taclfit · Tacnwit)
		Ur igin tijanatin	Tamaziɣt n waṭlas (Aṭlas Anammas · Llisan Al-ɣarbi^† · Taɣumarit · Taṣnhajit n Srayr · Taclḥiyt) · Taqbaylit
		Tinawayin	Tamaziɣt Tanawayt Tamɣribit · Tamaziɣt Tanawayt Tadzayrit
	Twarg	Tamahaq · Tamacq · Tawllammt · Tayart
	Anẓul Utrim	Tatsrrt · Tuẓẓungiyya
Agmmay	Agmmay n Tifinaɣ · Agmmay Alatin · Agʷmmay Amaziɣ Aɛṛab · Tirra taɛibrit
Timrsal	Unbiḍ	AAAL (Dzayr) · SNM (Dzayr) · SGSM (Lmɣrib) · DNAFLA (Mali) · CRB (Fransa)
Timrsal	Ur gin unbiḍ	Agraw imaziɣn (GM) · Agraw Amaḍlan Amaziɣ (GMM)
^SG Ar tzray s ugmuḍan· ^SṬ Ar tzray s Waṭlas · ^† Tutlayt inɣuban · ^LB Tettyalsbna

	Amnni ad iga amud izdin d Tutlayin, isul imẓẓiy. Aws i Wikipidya s usnfl nns, tssimɣurt t.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ghadames". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ghad1239.

[2] Lanfry (1973:iv).

[3] Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, article Ghadāmis (1952): 2,000 persons with a background in Ghadames living in Tunis; quoted by Lanfry (1973:iv).

[1]

[2]

[3]