Tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwaurt
Tutlayt tamaziɣt taqburt nɣ tamaziɣt tamzwarut (s tanglizt: Proto-Berber, Proto-Libyan) tga yat tutlayt tazaykut d nttat a ɣ d-ffɣnt tutlayin timaziɣin lli iddrn ɣ-ass-ad. Tkka-tt-inn tga yat tutlayt tafrusyawit, ɣayann a f gant tutlayin timaziɣin lli zgis iffɣn istiss n ɛmmis n tutlayt tamiṣrit d tutlayin tikuciyin d tutlayin tisamiyin d tutlayin titcadiyin d tutlayin tumuṭiyin.[1]
| Tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwaurt | |
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| Ingaln n tutlayt | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
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Teṭṭaf tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwarut kra n tɣawsiwin ur illin ɣ tutlayin tifrusyawiyin yaḍnin, macc tutlayin timaziɣin n ɣil-ad mmrwasnt bahra ɣ ingratsn. Tbayn-d tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwarut ɣar 3000 isggʷasn aya mqqar tbḍa f Tutlayin tifrusyawiyint gr 9000 d 10,000 n isggʷasn aya. Iɣ d-nucka ad nẓṛ mad tettini tussna n usmzazal n tutlayin d umzruy[2], rad naf is nnan imassann mas tzri tutlayt ad f sin tikliwin n tmhazt ad tn igan[3]:
- Tamaziɣt tamzwarut 1 (PB1) nna yumann kra n 7000 n isggʷasn aya.
- Tamaziɣt tamzwarut 2 (PB2) tad tga illis n (PB1), d nttat a ɣ d uckant akkʷ tutlayin timaziɣin lli sul illan ɣil-ad.
Ɣ tasut tis-30 dat n tlalit n Ɛisa, bḍan middn lli sawalnin s tmaziɣt tamzwarut ɣ tfriqt n ugafa gr Lmɣrib d Miṣra. Ɣ tasut tis-10 qbl ad iggz ɛisa, ijṛa yan ttawassuɛ yaḍn nttan ad aɣ iskrn ma mi nttini ɣil-a igdudn imaziɣn lli-nn iqyydn ɣ dar irumiyn. Ijra ttawassuɛ iggʷran ɣ ifḍ d kra bɛd ɛisa, lliɣ nnucgn imuhaɣ nɣ itwargiyn lli yumẓn ɣil-a tanzruft imqqurn n tfriqt lli mu nttini Ṣṣaḥra.[4]
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- Allati, Abdelaziz (2002). Diachronie tamazighte ou berbere (en francés). Publications de L'Universite Abdelmalek Essaâdi. p. 296. ISBN 9981-61-015-1.
- Blench, R. (2006). Archaeology, language, and the African past. Rowman Altamira. p. 361. ISBN 0-7591-0466-2.
- Boukouss, Ahmed (2009). Phonologie de l'amazigh. Institut Royal de la Culture Amazigh. p. 445. ISBN 9954-28-019-7. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2013.
- Ehret, Christopher (1995). Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): vowels, tone, consonants, and vocabulary. University of California Press. p. 557. ISBN 0-520-09799-8.
- Heath, Jeffrey (2005). A grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali). Walter de Gruyter. p. 745. ISBN 3-11-018484-2.
- Heine, Bernd; Derek Nurse (2000). African languages: an introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 396. ISBN 0-521-66629-5.
- Kossmann, Maarten (2001a), «L'origine du vocalisme en zénaga de Mauritanie», en Ibriszimow, Dymitr; Vossen, Rainer, eds., Etudes berbères, pp. 89-95
- Kossmann, Maarten (2001b), «The Origin of the Glottal Stop in Zenaga and its Reflexes in the other Berber Languages», Afrika und Übersee 84: 61-100
- König, Christa (2008). Case in Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 343. ISBN 0-19-923282-2.
- Prasse, Karl G. (1972-1974). Manuel de grammaire touarègue (tăhăggart) 3. Copenhagen.
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- ↑ Abdl Aziz Alati (2002). Diachronie tamazighte ou berbere (s tfransist). منشورات جامعة عبد المالك السعدي. p. 296. -{ISBN 9981-61-015-1}-. ↑
- ↑ Militarev, A. (1984), "Sovremennoe sravnitel'no-istoricheskoe afrazijskoe jazykoznanie: chto ono mozhet dat' istoricheskoj nauke?", Lingvisticheskaja rekonstrukcija i drevnejshaja istorija Vostoka, Moscow, pp. 3–26, 44–5
- ↑ Louali & Philippson 2003, "Les Protoméditerranéens Capsiens sont-ils des protoberbères ? Interrogations de linguiste.", GALF (Groupement des Anthropologues de Langue Française), Mrrakc، 22-25 Cutanbir 2003. ↑
- ↑ Heine 2000, p. 292.
Ɣaylli sis izdinsnfl
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